Abstract

Optimization of forging process to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2195 Al–Cu–Li alloy forgings is an urgent issue. In this study, a homogenized 2195 alloy ingot was subjected to multi-directional forging (MDF), annealing, and forging at 500 °C, 420 °C, and 240 °C with a 50% reduction in cross-sectional area, followed by a T8 heat treatment (involving solution, quenching, cold compression, and aging). The microstructural evolution during the process and the final mechanical properties in three orthogonal directions were examined. The results showed that the grain structures of the alloy were significantly refined after MDF by dynamic recrystallization (DRX), but the structure was thermally unstable and formed coarse grains during subsequent annealing by static recrystallization (SRX). The T8-treated samples forged at 500 °C, 420 °C, and 240 °C obtained fine and uniform grain structures by DRX, inhomogeneous grain structures by partial SRX, and uniform, equiaxed grain structures by full SRX, respectively. The average grain size of the forging increased with decreasing forging temperature because more significant SRX occurred for the forging that was deformed at lower temperatures. The grain structures had minimal influence on precipitation behavior and strength but had a significant influence on elongation. The fine and uniform grain structures improved the elongation; whereas, the inhomogeneous grain structures, which contained extremely large grains, significantly deteriorated the elongation. The uniform, equiaxed grain structures decreased the anisotropy in three orthogonal directions and maintained fine elongation even though the average grain size of the forging was the largest.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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锻造温度对多向锻造Al-Cu-Li合金组织和力学性能的影响

摘要

优化锻造工艺以改善 2195 Al-Cu-Li 合金锻件的显微组织和力学性能是一个亟待解决的问题。在本研究中，对均质化的 2195 合金锭进行多向锻造 (MDF)、退火，并在 500 °C、420 ​​°C 和 240 °C 下锻造，横截面积减少 50%，然后a T8 热处理（包括固溶、淬火、冷压和时效）。检查过程中的微观结构演变和三个正交方向的最终机械性能。结果表明，MDF后动态再结晶（DRX）合金的晶粒组织显着细化，但该组织热不稳定，在随后的静态再结晶（SRX）退火过程中形成粗晶粒。经过 T8 处理的样品在 500 °C 下锻造，420 °C 和 240 °C 分别通过 DRX 获得精细均匀的晶粒结构，部分 SRX 获得不均匀的晶粒结构，以及全 SRX 获得的均匀等轴晶粒结构。锻件的平均晶粒尺寸随着锻造温度的降低而增加，因为在较低温度下变形的锻件发生了更显着的 SRX。晶粒结构对析出行为和强度的影响很小，但对伸长率有显着影响。细而均匀的晶粒结构提高了延伸率；然而，包含极大晶粒的不均匀晶粒结构显着降低了延伸率。制服，

图形摘要