This study puts forward a new set-up for directed energy deposition (DED) with a six-beam direct diode laser head. The set-up implements three process variants, i.e. cold and hot wire as well as powder DED. The differences in the material behavior of INCONEL® alloy 718 (IN718) during additive manufacturing using the three processes is analyzed with respect to dilution, penetration into the base material, as well as solidification microstructure, second phase particles and texture. The results confirm that all three processes allow for defect-free DED of IN718, and that the hot wire process facilitates high-deposition rates with low dilution, whereas the cold wire and powder processes yield different dilution and penetration. The differences of the three process variants motivate to apply these processes interchangeably on the same part depending on the desired local microstructures, textures and thus, properties. The fundamental correlation between the processing conditions of the novel set-up used and the material behavior during DED is discussed.

这项研究提出了一种使用六光束直接二极管激光头进行定向能量沉积 (DED) 的新装置。该设置实现了三种工艺变体，即冷线和热线以及粉末 DED。INCONEL® 718 合金 (IN718) 在使用三种工艺的增材制造过程中的材料行为差异在稀释、渗透到基材中以及凝固微观结构、第二相颗粒和织构方面进行了分析。结果证实，所有三种工艺都允许 IN718 的无缺陷 DED，并且热线工艺有利于低稀释的高沉积率，而冷线和粉末工艺产生不同的稀释和渗透。三种工艺变体的差异促使根据所需的局部微观结构、纹理和特性，在同一零件上交替应用这些工艺。讨论了所使用的新型装置的加工条件与 DED 期间材料行为之间的基本相关性。