Do individuals who want to leave a bequest work more and retire later than other individuals? Does the reason for wanting to leave a bequest (altruism vs. exchange) matter? In this paper, we conduct a theoretical and empirical analysis of the impact of bequest motives on the labor supply and retirement behavior of households in Japan, and to the best of our knowledge, it is virtually the first paper to do so. We conduct an empirical analysis using micro data from a unique survey—the Preference Parameters Study of Osaka University—and show that respondents with an altruistic or strategic/exchange bequest motive work more at the intensive margin than those without any bequest motive but that respondents with a strategic or exchange bequest motive work less at the extensive margin (i.e., retire earlier) than those without any bequest motive. Our findings for the strategic or exchange motive suggest that respondents with such a motive tend to work more than others before they retire so that they can earn more, leave a larger bequest to their children, and elicit more care from them but that they tend to retire earlier than others so that they can start receiving care for themselves and their spouses from their children sooner. Our findings have important policy implications because they imply that inheritance taxes may affect people's labor supply and retirement behavior by influencing the strength of their bequest motives and that these effects may differ by the type of bequest motive.

想留下遗产的人是否比其他人工作得更多，退休得更晚？想要留下遗产（利他主义与交换）的原因重要吗？在本文中，我们对遗赠动机对日本家庭劳动力供给和退休行为的影响进行了理论和实证分析，据我们所知，这实际上是第一篇这样做的论文。我们使用来自一项独特调查——大阪大学的偏好参数研究——的微观数据进行了实证分析，并表明具有利他主义或战略/交换遗赠动机的受访者比没有任何遗赠动机的受访者在密集边际工作更多，但具有与没有任何遗赠动机的人相比，有战略或交换遗赠动机的人在广泛的边缘（即提前退休）工作更少。我们对战略或交换动机的调查结果表明，有这种动机的受访者在退休前往往比其他人工作得更多，这样他们就可以赚更多的钱，给孩子留下更多的遗产，并从他们那里得到更多的照顾，但他们倾向于比其他人更早退休，以便他们可以更快地开始接受子女对自己和配偶的照顾。我们的研究结果具有重要的政策意义，因为它们意味着遗产税可能通过影响人们的遗赠动机强度来影响他们的劳动力供应和退休行为，并且这些影响可能因遗赠动机的类型而异。给他们的孩子留下更大的遗产，并从他们那里得到更多的照顾，但他们往往比其他人更早退休，以便他们可以更快地开始从孩子那里得到对自己和配偶的照顾。我们的研究结果具有重要的政策意义，因为它们意味着遗产税可能通过影响人们的遗赠动机强度来影响他们的劳动力供应和退休行为，并且这些影响可能因遗赠动机的类型而异。给他们的孩子留下更大的遗产，并从他们那里得到更多的照顾，但他们往往比其他人更早退休，以便他们可以更快地开始从孩子那里得到对自己和配偶的照顾。我们的研究结果具有重要的政策意义，因为它们意味着遗产税可能通过影响人们的遗赠动机强度来影响他们的劳动力供应和退休行为，并且这些影响可能因遗赠动机的类型而异。