It is often assumed that, in Western societies, Christian values are embedded in national identities, yet, the association between religious identities and prejudice has seldom been studied in parallel to national identity. According to both the social identity theory approach and integrated threat theory, group identification is important for perceiving threats and expressing corresponding attitudes. Nevertheless, their independent roles on intergroup outcomes have often been ignored, although they are two of the most salient and important identities when considering support for religious minority rights. We address this gap in research by looking at the associations of religious identity with support for religious minority rights in general and Muslims in particular in parallel to national identity through diversity threat. This study was conducted among the members of majority groups in four Western countries: Australia, Finland, Germany, and Norway (N = 1,532), all of which are characterised as traditionally Christian. We found that a higher religious identification was associated with greater support for religious minority rights in general and for those of Muslims in particular, while national identification had no direct association with support for either groups’ religious rights. However, both group identifications were also associated with heightened perceived diversity threat, which in turn, predicted reluctance to support religious minority rights. This demonstrates the dual role that religious identities may play in intergroup relations.

中文翻译：

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将民族和宗教认同作为支持基督教多数群体宗教少数权利的预测因素

人们通常认为，在西方社会，基督教价值观植根于民族认同之中，然而，宗教认同与偏见之间的关联却很少与民族认同并行研究。根据社会认同理论方法和综合威胁理论，群体认同对于感知威胁和表达相应态度很重要。然而，尽管在考虑支持宗教少数群体权利时，他们是最显着和最重要的两个身份，但他们在群体间结果中的独立作用却经常被忽视。我们通过研究宗教认同与支持宗教少数群体权利的关联，特别是穆斯林与通过多样性威胁的民族认同平行，来解决这一研究差距。N  = 1,532），所有这些都被认为是传统的基督徒。我们发现，较高的宗教认同与对一般宗教少数群体权利的更大支持有关，特别是对穆斯林权利的支持，而民族认同与对任一群体的宗教权利的支持没有直接关联。然而，这两个群体的认同也与更高的感知多样性威胁有关，这反过来又预示着不愿支持宗教少数群体的权利。这表明宗教身份在群体间关系中可能发挥的双重作用。