ABSTRACT

Extraction of hazardous compounds by plants (phytoextraction) is considered a green technology for the remediation of soils and water bodies. Phytoextraction of mercury is very challenging due to the specific chemical/biochemical properties of this element and its low plant uptake. In this review, mechanisms and processes of enhancing phytoextraction of mercury are summarized. Plants that look promising for induced phytoextraction of mercury are described. Additives of various types that may significantly increase the efficiency of mercury phytoextraction are critically evaluated. Thiosulfates and other sulfur-containing compounds, aminopolycarboxylic acids, low-molecular-weight organic acids and enzymes are considered in detail. The important role of selective chemical inductors, primarily thiosulfates, is demonstrated. It is shown that synthetic aminopolycarboxylic acids have the potential for increasing bioavailability of mercury in soils and its translocation to above-ground organs of plants-phytoextractors. Non-chemical methods of inducing mercury phytoextraction are also addressed.

Abbreviations: APCA: aminopolycarboxylic acid, BAF: bioaccumulation factor, BDL: below detection limit Cys: cysteine, DTPA: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, DW: dry weight, EDDHA: ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid, HEDTA: hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, IPEN: International Pollutants Elimination Network (https://ipen.org/), LMWOA: low-molecular-weight organic acid, MPC: below maximum permission concentration, ND: not detectable, NTA: nitrilotriacetic acid, PGPR: plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, TF: translocation factor

摘要

植物提取有害化合物（植物提取）被认为是修复土壤和水体的绿色技术。由于汞的特定化学/生化特性以及植物吸收率低，汞的植物提取非常具有挑战性。在这篇综述中，总结了提高植物提取汞的机制和过程。描述了看起来有希望用于汞的诱导植物提取的植物。对可显着提高植物汞提取效率的各种添加剂进行了严格评估。硫代硫酸盐和其他含硫化合物、氨基多羧酸、低分子量有机酸和酶被详细考虑。证明了选择性化学诱导剂（主要是硫代硫酸盐）的重要作用。研究表明，合成氨基多羧酸有可能提高土壤中汞的生物利用度，并将其转移到植物的地上器官——植物提取器。还讨论了诱导汞植物提取的非化学方法。

缩写： APCA：氨基多羧酸，BAF：生物蓄积因子，BDL：低于检测限 Cys：半胱氨酸，DTPA：二亚乙基三胺五乙酸，DW：干重，EDDHA：乙二胺-N，N'-双（2-羟基苯乙酸）酸，HEDTA：羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸，IPEN：国际污染物消除网络 (https://ipen.org/)，LMWOA：低分子量有机酸，MPC：低于最大允许浓度，ND：不可检测，NTA：次氮基三乙酸，PGPR：植物促进生长的根际细菌，TF：易位因子