Water electrolysis (WE) is an electrochemical process that splits water and forms hydrogen and oxygen, in presence of catalyst. This is a rapidly developing technology owing to its extreme importance in the generation of hydrogen. Membrane-based WE involves the use of anion exchange, proton exchange and bipolar membranes, among which the anion exchange membrane-based WE technology is in the most advanced stage, followed by the proton exchange membrane-based WE. While, the bipolar membrane-based WE is the most nascent technology. Among the different categories of membranes used, polymer-based membranes are the most acceptable ones. It is evident that the structure and properties of the polymers that constitute a membrane play the most important role in determining its applicability in WE application. Keeping this in mind, this review is dedicatedly focused on the different polymers that have been majorly used so far in fabrication of anion exchange, proton exchange, and bipolar membranes for WE, and exclusively analyzes the influence imparted by the structure and properties of the involved polymers on the final performance of the membranes.

中文翻译：

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水电解制氢离子交换膜聚合物的结构和性能

水电解 (WE) 是一种电化学过程，可在催化剂存在下分解水并形成氢和氧。这是一项快速发展的技术，因为它在产生氢气方面极其重要。基于膜的WE涉及使用阴离子交换膜、质子交换膜和双极膜，其中基于阴离子交换膜的WE技术处于最先进的阶段，其次是基于质子交换膜的WE。同时，基于双极膜的 WE 是最新兴的技术。在使用的不同类别的膜中，聚合物膜是最可接受的膜。很明显，构成膜的聚合物的结构和性质在决定其在 WE 应用中的适用性方面起着最重要的作用。牢记这一点，