Since the Covid-19 outbreak, pandemic-specific stressors have potentiated the—already severe—stress load across the world. However, stress is more than an adverse state, and chronic exposure is causally involved in the development of mental and physical disease. We ask the question whether resilience and the Big Five personality traits predict the biological stress response to the first lockdown in Germany. In a prospective, longitudinal, observational study, N = 80 adult volunteers completed an internet-based survey prior to the first Covid-19-related fatality in Germany (T0), during the first lockdown period (T1), and during the subsequent period of contact restrictions (T2). Hair strands for the assessment of systemic cortisol and cortisone levels were collected at T2. Higher neuroticism predicted higher hair cortisol, cortisone and subjective stress levels. Higher extraversion predicted higher hair cortisone levels. Resilience showed no effects on subjective or physiological stress markers. Our study provides longitudinal evidence that neuroticism and extraversion have predictive utility for the accumulation of biological stress over the course of the pandemic. While in pre-pandemic times individuals high in neuroticism are typically at risk for worse health outcomes, extraverted individuals tend to be protected. We conclude that, in the pandemic context, we cannot simply generalize from pre-pandemic knowledge. Neurotic individuals may currently suffer due to their general emotional lability. Extraverted individuals may primarily be socially stressed. Individualized stress management programs need to be developed, and offered in a lockdown-friendly format, to minimize the stress burden caused by Covid-19 or future pandemics and to protect the most severely affected individuals from the development of stress-associated disease.

自 Covid-19 爆发以来，特定于流行病的压力源加剧了世界范围内已经很严重的压力负荷。然而，压力不仅仅是一种不利的状态，长期接触与精神和身体疾病的发展有因果关系。我们问的问题是韧性和五巨头的人格特征是否能预测对德国第一次封锁的生物压力反应。在一项前瞻性、纵向、观察性研究中，N = 80 名成年志愿者在德国首次发生与 Covid-19 相关的死亡事件之前 (T0)、第一次锁定期 (T1) 以及随后的接触限制期 (T2) 完成了一项基于互联网的调查。在 T2 收集用于评估全身皮质醇和可的松水平的发丝。较高的神经质预示较高的头发皮质醇、可的松和主观压力水平。较高的外向性预测较高的头发可的松水平。弹性对主观或生理压力指标没有影响。我们的研究提供了纵向证据，表明神经质和外向性对大流行期间生物压力的积累具有预测效用。虽然在大流行前时期，高度神经质的人通常有健康状况恶化的风险，外向的人往往受到保护。我们得出的结论是，在大流行的背景下，我们不能简单地从大流行前的知识中进行概括。神经质个体目前可能会由于他们普遍的情绪不稳定而受到影响。外向的人可能主要承受社会压力。需要开发个性化的压力管理计划，并以适合锁定的形式提供，以最大限度地减少 Covid-19 或未来大流行造成的压力负担，并保护受影响最严重的个人免受压力相关疾病的发展。