The present investigation was aimed at establishing the pharmacognostical parameters and preliminary phytochemical screening of Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae) root. Pharmacognostical studies and phytochemical evaluation of A. reticulata root were carried out by following standard procedures to provide information that help to identify the species. The species of Annonaceae family are documented to possess anticonvulsant property, while A. reticulata and its root are reported to be used as a folklore medicine to treat epilepsy. In this study, anti-convulsant activity of the root extract was further investigated in mouse model with seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 60 mg/kg, i.p.). Diazepam (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard anti-convulsant drug. Prior to induction of seizures, ethanol extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.,) and 0.1% sodium CMC were administered. Later, the onset, duration of convulsions along with recovery was recorded. A. reticulata can be recognized by its crown shape, leaves with lengthy petioles, fleshy petals and heart-shaped fruits. Roots are cylindrical with rootlets and have aromatic odour. Presence of oil globules and rhomboidal calcium oxalate crystals in cortex, sclerenchyma cells in cortex and secondary phloem, starch grains in cortex, secondary phloem and secondary xylem, and uni- to tri-seriate medullary rays are the key diagnostic characters of root. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, proteins, fixed oil and fats. The total alkaloid content in the root was 0.524% w/w, while total flavonoid and total phenolic content in ethanol extract were 16.65 mg QE/g and 59.54 mg GAE/g, respectively. Based on the values obtained from anti-convulsant activity, it is evident that the ethanol extract offered significant protection against PTZ-induced convulsion in mice. The current pharmacognostical study aids not only in identification of crude drug material but also in establishing the standardization parameters. Further, the findings of this study indicated that the ethanolic extract of Annona reticulata Linn root displayed significant anti-convulsant property and this property could be attributed to imperative bioactives like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, in addition to other secondary metabolites.

中文翻译：

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番荔枝的药理评价及抗惊厥作用。（番荔枝科）根

本研究旨在确定番荔枝的生药参数和初步植物化学筛选。（番荔枝科）根。A. reticulata 根的药理学研究和植物化学评价按照标准程序进行，以提供有助于识别物种的信息。番荔枝科的物种被记录为具有抗惊厥特性，而据报道，A. reticulata 及其根被用作治疗癫痫的民间传说药物。在这项研究中，在戊四唑（PTZ；60 mg/kg，ip）诱发癫痫发作的小鼠模型中进一步研究了根提取物的抗惊厥活性。地西泮 (5 mg/kg) 用作标准抗惊厥药物。在诱发癫痫发作之前，乙醇提取物（100、200 和 400 毫克/千克，口服）和 0。施用 1% CMC 钠。后来，记录了抽搐的发作、持续时间以及恢复情况。A. reticulata 可以通过它的冠形、长叶柄、肉质花瓣和心形果实来识别。根呈圆柱形，有小根，有芳香气味。皮层存在油球和菱形草酸钙晶体，皮层和次生韧皮部存在厚壁组织细胞，皮层、次生韧皮部和次生木质部存在淀粉粒，单至三列髓射线是根的关键诊断特征。提取物的初步植物化学筛选揭示了酚类化合物、单宁、生物碱、碳水化合物、黄酮类化合物、苷类、皂苷、蛋白质、固定油和脂肪的存在。根中总生物碱含量为 0.524% w/w，而乙醇提取物中的总黄酮和总酚含量分别为 16.65 mg QE/g 和 59.54 mg GAE/g。根据从抗惊厥活性中获得的值，很明显乙醇提取物对 PTZ 诱导的小鼠惊厥提供了显着的保护。当前的生药学研究不仅有助于鉴别原料药，而且有助于建立标准化参数。此外，这项研究的结果表明，番荔枝根的乙醇提取物显示出显着的抗惊厥特性，该特性可归因于类黄酮、酚类化合物、生物碱等必需生物活性物质，以及其他次生代谢产物。根据从抗惊厥活性中获得的值，很明显乙醇提取物对 PTZ 诱导的小鼠惊厥提供了显着的保护。当前的生药学研究不仅有助于鉴别原料药，而且有助于建立标准化参数。此外，这项研究的结果表明，番荔枝根的乙醇提取物显示出显着的抗惊厥特性，该特性可归因于类黄酮、酚类化合物、生物碱等必需生物活性物质，以及其他次生代谢产物。根据从抗惊厥活性中获得的值，很明显乙醇提取物对 PTZ 诱导的小鼠惊厥提供了显着的保护。当前的生药学研究不仅有助于鉴别原料药，而且有助于建立标准化参数。此外，这项研究的结果表明，番荔枝根的乙醇提取物显示出显着的抗惊厥特性，该特性可归因于类黄酮、酚类化合物、生物碱等必需生物活性物质，以及其他次生代谢产物。当前的生药学研究不仅有助于鉴别原料药，而且有助于建立标准化参数。此外，这项研究的结果表明，番荔枝根的乙醇提取物显示出显着的抗惊厥特性，该特性可归因于类黄酮、酚类化合物、生物碱等必需生物活性物质，以及其他次生代谢产物。当前的生药学研究不仅有助于鉴别原料药，而且有助于建立标准化参数。此外，这项研究的结果表明，番荔枝根的乙醇提取物显示出显着的抗惊厥特性，该特性可归因于类黄酮、酚类化合物、生物碱等必需生物活性物质，以及其他次生代谢产物。