On-site monitoring of carbamate pesticide in complex matrix remians as a challenge in terms of the real-time control of food safety and supervision of environmental quality. Herein, we fabricated robust upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPS)/polydopamine (PDA)-based hydrogel portable suit that precisely quantified carbaryl in complex tea samples with smartphone detector. UCNPS/PDA nanoprobe was developed by polymerization of dopamine monomers on the surface of NaErF₄: 0.5% Tm³⁺@NaYF₄ through electrostatic interaction, leading to efficient red luminescence quenching of UCNPS under near-infrared excitation, which circumvented autofluorescence and background interference in complicated environment. Such a luminescence quenching could be suppressed by thiocholine that was produced by acetylcholinesterase-mediated catalytic reaction, thus enabling carbaryl bioassay by inhibiting the activity of enzyme. Bestowed with the feasibility analysis of fluorescent output, portable platform was designed by integrating UCNPS-embedded sodium alginate hydrogel with 3D-printed smartphone device for quantitatively on-site monitoring of carbaryl in the range of 0.5-200 ng mL^-1 in tea sample, accompanied by a detection limit of 0.5 ng mL^-1. Owing to specific UCNPS signatures and hydrogel immobilization, this modular platform displayed sensitive response, portability and anti-interference capability in complex matrix analysis, thus holding great potential in point-of-care application.

复杂基质残留物中氨基甲酸酯农药的现场监测是食品安全实时控制和环境质量监督方面的挑战。在这里，我们制造了稳健的上转换纳米粒子 (UCNPS)/聚多巴胺 (PDA) 基水凝胶便携式套装，该套装可通过智能手机检测器精确量化复杂茶样品中的甲萘威。UCNPS/PDA纳米探针是由多巴胺单体在NaErF ₄表面聚合开发的：0.5% Tm ³⁺ @NaYF ₄通过静电相互作用，导致UCNPS在近红外激发下有效的红色发光猝灭，从而规避了复杂环境中的自发荧光和背景干扰。这种发光猝灭可以被乙酰胆碱酯酶介导的催化反应产生的硫代胆碱抑制，从而通过抑制酶的活性来进行甲萘威生物测定。赋予荧光输出的可行性分析，将UCNPS嵌入的海藻酸钠水凝胶与3D打印的智能手机设备相结合，设计了便携式平台，用于定量现场监测茶样品中0.5-200 ng mL ^-1范围内的甲萘威，检测限为 0.5 ng mL ^-1. 由于特定的 UCNPS 特征和水凝胶固定，该模块化平台在复杂基质分析中显示出灵敏的响应、便携性和抗干扰能力，因此在护理点应用中具有巨大的潜力。