ABSTRACT

Alopecia Areata is an inflammatory and T cell-mediated autoimmune reaction against unknown autoantigen of hair follicles characterized by patchy, non-scarring loss of hair follicles in the anagen phase. Although its etiology is minimally understood, genetic susceptibility, autoimmunity and stress are thought to be causative factors. It occurs in episodic and recurrent patterns with an incidence rate of 0.1–0.2% in the general population and 7–30 cases per 1000 dermatological patients with a lifetime risk of 1.7%. The lesions can be single and self-limiting or may be widespread. Autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Vitiligo, celiac disease, diabetes mellitus, psoriasis ad lupus erythematosus were observed as an associated comorbid disorder in AA patients, but hypothyroidism and Vitiligo have the strongest association. Its clinical course is unpredictable and shows no significant predilection to age, gender or race. AA is a heterogeneous variant of alopecia and has clinical types such as patchy alopecia, alopecia reticularis and alopecia totalis. Various epidemiological reports demonstrate an increased frequency of AA in thyroid disease patients. Contemporary research has shed spotlight on circulating auto-reactive cells in evolution of AA, which may play a role in ultimately linking these diseases. Comprehension of complex interplay between autoantigens and immune cells is still evolving. The present study will explore this association of Alopecia Areata in patients with thyroid dysfunction. This correlation was studied briefly with literature available in the medical database such as PubMed and Google Scholar.

摘要

斑秃是一种针对毛囊未知自身抗原的炎症和 T 细胞介导的自身免疫反应，其特征是毛囊在生长期出现斑片状、非瘢痕性丢失。尽管对其病因了解甚少，但遗传易感性、自身免疫和压力被认为是致病因素。它以发作性和复发性模式发生，在一般人群中的发病率为 0.1-0.2%，每 1000 名皮肤病患者中有 7-30 例，终生风险为 1.7%。病变可以是单一的和自限性的，也可以是广泛的。自身免疫性疾病如桥本甲状腺炎、白斑病、乳糜泻、糖尿病、银屑病和红斑狼疮被观察为 AA 患者的相关合并症，但甲状腺功能减退症和白斑病的关联最强。其临床病程不可预测，对年龄、性别或种族无明显偏好。AA是脱发的异质变体，具有斑片状脱发、网状脱发和全秃等临床类型。各种流行病学报告表明，甲状腺疾病患者中 AA 的频率增加。当代研究已经将注意力集中在 AA 进化中的循环自身反应细胞上，这可能在最终将这些疾病联系起来方面发挥作用。对自身抗原和免疫细胞之间复杂相互作用的理解仍在不断发展。本研究将探讨斑秃与甲状腺功能障碍患者的这种关联。使用医学数据库（如 PubMed 和 Google Scholar）中可用的文献简要研究了这种相关性。