The article represents results of the study aimed on sensitivity of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) leaves to hydrogen fluoride airborne emissions in the vicinity of aluminum smelter. Widespread occurrence of poplar in urban land was one of the purposes to choose this plant as a research object. Reaction of poplar leaves on influence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) was investigated by ionometric technique, scanning electron microscopy-related method (SEM–EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and the thermodynamic modelling. The fluoride content in poplar leaves decreases with distance from the emission source. Leaves have signs of deterioration, e.g., chemical burns and necrosis, inside 2-km zone of the plant. In stomatal cells of poplar leaves, neogenic mineral fluorite (CaF₂) was discovered. In sieve-tube elements of leaf phloem, a large quantity of secondary calcite (CaCO₃) crystals was found. Ca²⁺ ions in enchylema react with F⁻ that has released as part of airborne emissions from aluminum smelter. Result of their interaction is fluorite formation in stomatal cells of poplar leaves. Such fluorite is a mineral indicator of fluoride pollution in ground-level ambient air. Thermodynamic conditions of interaction of Ca²⁺ and F^–, HCO₃^– and Ca²⁺ were estimated. The model of maintenance of phytochemical calcium barrier in the poplar leaves stomata in HF contamination was proposed and described.

这篇文章代表了旨在研究香脂杨 ( Populus balsamifera L.) 叶子对铝冶炼厂附近氟化氢空气中排放物的敏感性的研究结果。杨树在城市土地上的广泛分布是选择该植物作为研究对象的目的之一。通过离子计量技术、扫描电子显微镜相关方法 (SEM-EDS)、X 射线衍射分析 (XRD) 和热力学模型研究了杨树叶对氟化氢 (HF) 影响的反应。杨树叶中的氟化物含量随着离排放源的距离而降低。叶子在植物 2 公里范围内有变质迹象，例如化学灼伤和坏死。在杨树叶的气孔细胞中，新生矿物萤石（CaF ₂） 被发现。在叶韧皮部的筛管单元中，发现了大量的次生方解石（CaCO ₃）晶体。溶质中的Ca ²⁺离子与 F ^-发生反应，F ^-作为铝冶炼厂空气中排放的一部分而释放。它们相互作用的结果是在杨树叶的气孔细胞中形成萤石。这种萤石是地面环境空气中氟化物污染的矿物指示剂。估计了 Ca ²⁺和 F ^–、HCO ₃ ^–和 Ca ²⁺相互作用的热力学条件。提出并描述了HF污染下杨树叶气孔中植物化学钙屏障的维持模型。