The rapid spread of the seventh cholera pandemic over Asia in the 1960s led to several large field studies that revealed that the traditional injectable cholera vaccines had poor efficacy, which led the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 1970s to stop recommending cholera vaccination. At the same time, it stimulated research that has led to the development of the effective orally administered cholera vaccines (OCVs) that today are a cornerstone in WHO’s strategy for Ending Cholera—A Global Roadmap to 2030. The first effective OCV, Dukoral, containing a mixture of inactivated Vibrio cholerae bacteria and cholera toxin B subunit, was licensed in 1991 and is, together with 2 similar inactivated whole-cell OCVs, Shanchol and Euvichol, currently WHO prequalified and recommended OCVs. This brief review is a personal account of the modern history of the development of these now universally recognized effective tools.

中文翻译：

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霍乱疫苗的现代史和 icddr,b 的关键作用

1960年代第七次霍乱大流行在亚洲迅速蔓延，导致几项大型实地研究表明传统的注射霍乱疫苗效果不佳，导致世界卫生组织（WHO）在1970年代停止推荐霍乱疫苗接种。同时，它促进了研发有效口服霍乱疫苗 (OCV) 的研究，这些疫苗如今已成为世卫组织终结霍乱战略——到 2030 年的全球路线图的基石。第一个有效的口服霍乱疫苗 Dukoral 含有一种灭活霍乱弧菌和霍乱毒素 B 亚单位的混合物，于 1991 年获得许可，与 2 种类似的灭活全细胞 OCV、Shanchol 和 Euvichol 一起，是目前 WHO 预认证和推荐的 OCV。