Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease–related dementias (AD/ADRD) are associated with cerebral hypoperfusion or reductions in baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF). The neurovascular coupling (NVC) response or functional hyperemia regulates brain perfusion via a retrograde (capillary-to-arteriole) pathway by increasing regional CBF in response to local neuron activation. The hippocampus plays a significant role in spatial and non-spatial memory. Functional MRI (fMRI) has not established a solid positive correlation between hippocampal blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) signal and local neuronal activity. The inconsistency of NVC in the hippocampus compared to the neocortex is possibly due to anatomical and methodological difficulties to accurately detect hippocampal blood flow. A recent study reported that NVC and oxygenation are reduced in the hippocampus compared to the cortex using a novel invasive surgical approach by creating a cranial window with and without removing the neocortex. Results from these studies suggest that the hippocampus is more susceptible to hypoxic injury in pathological conditions when NVC is impaired, such as AD/ADRD, stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Rosetta Stone of regional variation in the NVC and its significance in AD/ADRD has not been fully deciphered based on these results without addressing remaining concerns; however, we are one step closer, indeed.

阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆 (AD/ADRD) 与脑灌注不足或基线脑血流量 (CBF) 减少有关。神经血管耦合 (NVC) 反应或功能性充血通过增加区域 CBF 以响应局部神经元激活，通过逆行（毛细血管到小动脉）通路调节脑灌注。海马在空间和非空间记忆中起着重要作用。功能 MRI (fMRI) 尚未在海马血氧水平依赖 (BOLD) 信号和局部神经元活动之间建立可靠的正相关关系。与新皮质相比，海马中 NVC 的不一致可能是由于解剖学和方法学上难以准确检测海马血流。最近的一项研究报告说，与皮质相比，海马中的 NVC 和氧合减少，使用一种新的侵入性手术方法，通过在去除和不去除新皮质的情况下创建颅窗。这些研究的结果表明，当 NVC 受损时，海马更容易受到病理条件下的缺氧损伤，例如 AD/ADRD、中风和创伤性脑损伤 (TBI)。NVC 中区域差异的罗塞塔石碑及其在 AD/ADRD 中的重要性尚未根据这些结果在没有解决剩余问题的情况下被完全破译；然而，我们确实更近了一步。这些研究的结果表明，当 NVC 受损时，海马更容易受到病理条件下的缺氧损伤，例如 AD/ADRD、中风和创伤性脑损伤 (TBI)。NVC 中区域差异的罗塞塔石碑及其在 AD/ADRD 中的重要性尚未根据这些结果在没有解决剩余问题的情况下被完全破译；然而，我们确实更近了一步。这些研究的结果表明，当 NVC 受损时，海马更容易受到病理条件下的缺氧损伤，例如 AD/ADRD、中风和创伤性脑损伤 (TBI)。NVC 中区域差异的罗塞塔石碑及其在 AD/ADRD 中的重要性尚未根据这些结果在没有解决剩余问题的情况下被完全破译；然而，我们确实更近了一步。