Near-infrared light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed semiconductors, such as organics, halide perovskites and colloidal quantum dots, have emerged as a viable technological platform for biomedical applications, night vision, surveillance and optical communications. The recently gained increased understanding of the relationship between materials structure and photophysical properties has enabled the design of efficient emitters leading to devices with external quantum efficiencies exceeding 20%. Despite considerable strides made, challenges remain in achieving high radiance, reducing efficiency roll-off and extending operating lifetime. This Review summarizes recent advances on emissive materials synthetic methods and device key attributes that collectively contribute to improved performance of the fabricated light-emitting devices.

基于有机物、卤化物钙钛矿和胶体量子点等溶液处理半导体的近红外发光二极管已成为生物医学应用、夜视、监视和光通信的可行技术平台。最近对材料结构和光物理特性之间关系的深入理解使得设计高效发射器成为可能，从而使器件的外部量子效率超过 20%。尽管取得了相当大的进步，但在实现高辐射、降低效率滚降和延长使用寿命方面仍然存在挑战。本综述总结了发光材料合成方法和器件关键属性方面的最新进展，它们共同有助于提高制造的发光器件的性能。