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The Limited Scope of the Democratic Peace: What We Are Missing
International Studies Perspectives ( IF 2.667 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-26 , DOI: 10.1093/isp/ekab015
Andrew P Owsiak 1 , John A Vasquez 2
Affiliation  

The democratic peace program arguably constitutes one of the most successful empirical research programs in the discipline. Its main empirical finding motivated extensive theorizing (e.g., challengers, as well as distinct theoretical enterprises), sparked further debate about how to conceptualize and operationalize democracy, and shifted the foreign policy discourse, particularly in the United States. Lost in these successes, however, is a critical unanswered question: how much interstate peace can the democratic peace potentially explain? We explore these limits (i.e., scope, or empirical coverage) in this study. We first identify the peaceful dyadic relationships—namely those that never go to war across long historical periods. We next classify these dyads as democratic (i.e., both members are democracies) or nondemocratic. The empirical analysis then examines this democracy–peace relationship across three time periods, three distinct samples (which address potential false positives), two definitions of “peace,” and two thresholds for democracy. Regardless of how we approach the data, only 4–26 percent of all peaceful dyads qualify as “democratic.” Because we control for the obvious trivial explanation (insufficient capabilities due to distance), some other (set of) factor(s) must account for the majority of interstate peace. We close with a discussion about where future research might search for these factors, as well as the larger policy implications of the study.

中文翻译:

民主和平的有限范围:我们缺少什么

民主和平计划可以说是该学科中最成功的实证研究计划之一。它的主要实证发现激发了广泛的理论化(例如,挑战者以及不同的理论企业),引发了关于如何概念化和实施民主的进一步辩论,并改变了外交政策话语,特别是在美国。然而,在这些成功中迷失的是一个关键的悬而未决的问题:民主和平可以解释多少州际和平?我们在本研究中探讨了这些限制(即范围或经验范围)。我们首先确定了和平的二元关系——即那些在漫长的历史时期从不开战的关系。接下来,我们将这些二元分为民主(即两个成员都是民主国家)或非民主国家。然后,实证分析在三个时间段、三个不同的样本(解决潜在的误报)、“和平”的两个定义和民主的两个门槛上检验了这种民主与和平的关系。无论我们如何处理数据,只有 4% 到 26% 的和平二元组符合“民主”的条件。因为我们控制了明显的琐碎解释(由于距离而导致能力不足),所以其他一些(一组)因素必须解释州际和平的大部分。最后,我们讨论了未来研究可能在哪里寻找这些因素,以及该研究的更大政策影响。无论我们如何处理数据,只有 4% 到 26% 的和平二元组符合“民主”的条件。因为我们控制了明显的琐碎解释(由于距离而导致能力不足),所以其他一些(一组)因素必须解释州际和平的大部分。最后,我们讨论了未来研究可能在哪里寻找这些因素,以及该研究的更大政策影响。无论我们如何处理数据,只有 4% 到 26% 的和平二元组符合“民主”的条件。因为我们控制了明显的琐碎解释(由于距离而导致能力不足),所以其他一些(一组)因素必须解释州际和平的大部分。最后,我们讨论了未来研究可能在哪里寻找这些因素,以及该研究的更大政策影响。
更新日期:2021-08-26
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