The past few decades have seen major developments in the design and operation of cryogenic particle detectors. This technology offers an extremely good energy resolution – comparable to semiconductor detectors – and a wide choice of target materials, making low temperature calorimetric detectors ideal for a variety of particle physics applications. Rare event searches have continued to require ever greater exposures, which has driven them to ever larger cryogenic detectors, with the CUORE experiment being the first to reach a tonne-scale, mK-cooled, experimental mass. CUORE, designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, has been operational since 2017 at a temperature of about 10 mK. This result has been attained by the use of an unprecedentedly large cryogenic infrastructure called the CUORE cryostat: conceived, designed and commissioned for this purpose.

In this article the main characteristics and features of the cryogenic facility developed for the CUORE experiment are highlighted. A brief introduction of the evolution of the field and of the past cryogenic facilities are given. The motivation behind the design and development of the CUORE cryogenic facility is detailed as are the steps taken toward realization, commissioning, and operation of the CUORE cryostat. The major challenges overcome by the collaboration and the solutions implemented throughout the building of the cryogenic facility will be discussed along with the potential improvements for future facilities.

The success of CUORE has opened the door to a new generation of large-scale cryogenic facilities in numerous fields of science. Broader implications of the incredible feat achieved by the CUORE collaboration on the future cryogenic facilities in various fields ranging from neutrino and dark matter experiments to quantum computing will be examined.

在过去的几十年里，低温粒子探测器的设计和操作取得了重大进展。该技术提供了与半导体探测器相当的极好的能量分辨率和广泛的目标材料选择，使低温量热探测器成为各种粒子物理应用的理想选择。罕见事件搜索继续需要更大的暴露量，这促使他们使用更大的低温探测器，CUORE 实验是第一个达到吨级、mK 冷却的实验质量的实验。CUORE 旨在寻找中微子双 β 衰变，自 2017 年以来一直在运行，温度约为 10 mK。这一结果是通过使用称为 CUORE 低温恒温器的前所未有的大型低温基础设施实现的：构思，

在本文中，重点介绍了为 CUORE 实验开发的低温设施的主要特点和特点。简要介绍了该领域的发展和过去的低温设施。CUORE 低温设备的设计和开发背后的动机以及为实现、调试和操作 CUORE 低温恒温器所采取的步骤也有详细说明。合作克服的主要挑战和在整个低温设施建设过程中实施的解决方案将与未来设施的潜在改进一起讨论。

CUORE 的成功为众多科学领域的新一代大型低温设施打开了大门。将研究 CUORE 合作在从中微子和暗物质实验到量子计算等各个领域的未来低温设施上取得的令人难以置信的壮举的更广泛影响。