In combination with radiotherapy, immunotherapy is becoming an increasingly used strategy in treating advanced, recurrent, or metastatic cancer. The evident impact of radiotherapy on local and systemic immune response is an indication of the synergistic effect of these two modalities. There is a strong rationale to combine radiotherapy and immunotherapy to enhance response rates and overcome resistances. Therefore, the combination of radio- and immunotherapy holds a variety of opportunities as well as challenges in treating primary cancer and is progressively tested in curative settings. Brachytherapy is also known as internal radiation therapy and only offers a local therapy option at first glance: due to tumor-specific antigens, released by a high local radiation dose, a systemic immune response could be plausible and eminent. Accordingly, brachytherapy could be an underestimated partner with immuno-therapeutic approaches in both curative and palliative settings, to generate local and systemic response. In this review, we summarized the potential benefit of a potential combination of brachytherapy and immuno-therapeutic approaches vs. the background of limited data.

中文翻译：

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放射免疫治疗：近距离放射治疗的未来前景

与放射疗法相结合，免疫疗法正在成为治疗晚期、复发性或转移性癌症的越来越多的策略。放疗对局部和全身免疫反应的明显影响表明这两种方式具有协同作用。将放射疗法和免疫疗法结合起来以提高反应率和克服耐药性是有充分理由的。因此，放射疗法和免疫疗法的结合在治疗原发性癌症方面面临着各种机遇和挑战，并在治疗环境中进行了逐步测试。近距离放射治疗也称为内部放射治疗，乍一看仅提供局部治疗选择：由于高局部放射剂量释放的肿瘤特异性抗原，全身免疫反应可能是合理且显着的。因此，在治愈性和姑息性环境中，近距离放射治疗可能是一种被低估的免疫治疗方法，可产生局部和全身反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了近距离放射治疗和免疫治疗方法的潜在组合与有限数据背景的潜在益处。