Endowing surfaces with antibacterial capability to fight against attached bacteria is a long-standing hot research topic. Different with traditional biocidal and antifouling coatings, since 2008 various smart antibacterial coatings with switchable function to kill attached bacteria and release dead bacteria in response to proper stimulus have been developed based on a promising ‘kill-release’ strategy. During the past years, the research in this field started to focus on the exploration of smart antibacterial coatings for practical applications. In this review, we introduced some universal methods for fabrication of such coatings, and discussed representative examples for applications in medical devices, filtration membranes, and marine industries. Finally, a brief summary of the current challenges and future directions was provided.

赋予表面抗菌能力以对抗附着的细菌是一个长期存在的热门研究课题。与传统的杀菌和防污涂料不同，自 2008 年以来，基于有前途的“杀灭”策略，开发了各种具有可切换功能的智能抗菌涂料，可杀死附着的细菌并在适当的刺激下释放死菌。在过去的几年里，该领域的研究开始集中在探索用于实际应用的智能抗菌涂层。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了一些制造此类涂层的通用方法，并讨论了在医疗器械、过滤膜和海洋工业中应用的代表性示例。最后，简要总结了当前的挑战和未来的方向。