The cost of feedstock is often a major barrier to commercialization for lignocellulosic biofuels. Much of the research on biofuel and biobased chemical production has focused on the carbohydrate, lignin, and lipid components of biomass. There are numerous opportunities for the use of lower-cost feedstocks if more attention were devoted to the recovery and utilization of the protein and other N-containing components. This review compiles data from the last two decades on nonedible/nonpalatable agricultural residues, deoiled seedcakes, bioethanol and biogas residues, and food wastes, with a focus on the amounts and types of N-containing components. Given the challenges of removing N-containing compounds from biofuel intermediates postconversion, a case is made for the extraction and purification of proteins (and other N-containing compounds) from low-cost lignocellulosic biomass before conversion to fuel. The goal of such processes is to avoid difficult fuel upgrading steps while enhancing the opportunities for additional biorefinery products and sustainable nitrogen cycles.

中文翻译：

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从用于生物能源的低成本植物原料中回收氮：可用性和工艺顺序审查

原料成本通常是木质纤维素生物燃料商业化的主要障碍。许多关于生物燃料和生物基化学品生产的研究都集中在生物质的碳水化合物、木质素和脂质成分上。如果更多地关注蛋白质和其他含氮成分的回收和利用，那么使用低成本原料的机会很多。本综述汇编了过去 20 年关于不可食用/不可口的农业残留物、脱油籽饼、生物乙醇和沼气残留物以及食物垃圾的数据，重点关注含氮成分的数量和类型。鉴于从转化后的生物燃料中间体中去除含氮化合物的挑战，一个案例是在转化为燃料之前从低成本木质纤维素生物质中提取和纯化蛋白质（和其他含氮化合物）。这些过程的目标是避免困难的燃料升级步骤，同时增加更多生物精炼产品和可持续氮循环的机会。