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Honeybee intestines retain low yeast titers, but no bacterial mutualists, at emergence
Yeast ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-26 , DOI: 10.1002/yea.3665
James P Tauber 1, 2 , Dino McMahon 2, 3 , Eugene V Ryabov 1 , Magdalena Kunat 4 , Aneta A Ptaszyńska 4 , Jay D Evans 1
Affiliation  

Honeybee symbionts, predominantly bacteria, play important roles in honeybee health, nutrition, and pathogen protection, thereby supporting colony health. On the other hand, fungi are often considered indicators of poor bee health, and honeybee microbiome studies generally exclude fungi and yeasts. We hypothesized that yeasts may be an important aspect of early honeybee biology, and if yeasts provide a mutual benefit to their hosts, then honeybees could provide a refuge during metamorphosis to ensure the presence of yeasts at emergence. We surveyed for yeast and fungi during pupal development and metamorphosis in worker bees using fungal-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), next-generation sequencing, and standard microbiological culturing. On the basis of yeast presence in three distinct apiaries and multiple developmental stages, we conclude that yeasts can survive through metamorphosis and in naïve worker bees, albeit at relatively low levels. In comparison, known bacterial mutualists, like Gilliamella and Snodgrassella, were generally not found in pre-eclosed adult bees. Whether yeasts are actively retained as an important part of the bee microbiota or are passively propagating in the colony remains unknown. Our demonstration of the constancy of yeasts throughout development provides a framework to further understand the honeybee microbiota.

中文翻译:

蜜蜂肠道在出现时保留低酵母滴度,但没有细菌共生体

蜜蜂共生体,主要是细菌,在蜜蜂健康、营养和病原体保护中发挥重要作用,从而支持蜂群健康。另一方面,真菌通常被认为是蜜蜂健康状况不佳的指标,蜜蜂微生物组研究通常不包括真菌和酵母菌。我们假设酵母可能是早期蜜蜂生物学的一个重要方面,如果酵母对其宿主提供互惠互利,那么蜜蜂可以在变态过程中提供避难所,以确保酵母在出现时的存在。我们使用真菌特异性定量聚合酶链反应 (qPCR)、下一代测序和标准微生物培养对工蜂蛹发育和变态过程中的酵母和真菌进行了调查。基于酵母在三个不同的养蜂场和多个发育阶段的存在,我们得出结论,酵母可以通过变态和在幼稚的工蜂中存活,尽管水平相对较低。相比之下,已知的细菌共生者,如GilliamellaSnodgrassella,通常未在预先封闭的成年蜜蜂中发现。酵母是作为蜜蜂微生物群的重要组成部分被主动保留还是在菌落中被动繁殖仍然未知。我们证明酵母在整个开发过程中的稳定性为进一步了解蜜蜂微生物群提供了一个框架。
更新日期:2021-08-26
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