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Avian Coloration Genetics: Recent Advances and Emerging Questions
Journal of Heredity ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-23 , DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab015
Rosalyn Price-Waldman 1 , Mary Caswell Stoddard 1
Affiliation  

The colorful phenotypes of birds have long provided rich source material for evolutionary biologists. Avian plumage, beaks, skin, and eggs—which exhibit a stunning range of cryptic and conspicuous forms—inspired early work on adaptive coloration. More recently, avian color has fueled discoveries on the physiological, developmental, and—increasingly—genetic mechanisms responsible for phenotypic variation. The relative ease with which avian color traits can be quantified has made birds an attractive system for uncovering links between phenotype and genotype. Accordingly, the field of avian coloration genetics is burgeoning. In this review, we highlight recent advances and emerging questions associated with the genetic underpinnings of bird color. We start by describing breakthroughs related to 2 pigment classes: carotenoids that produce red, yellow, and orange in most birds and psittacofulvins that produce similar colors in parrots. We then discuss structural colors, which are produced by the interaction of light with nanoscale materials and greatly extend the plumage palette. Structural color genetics remain understudied—but this paradigm is changing. We next explore how colors that arise from interactions among pigmentary and structural mechanisms may be controlled by genes that are co-expressed or co-regulated. We also identify opportunities to investigate genes mediating within-feather micropatterning and the coloration of bare parts and eggs. We conclude by spotlighting 2 research areas—mechanistic links between color vision and color production, and speciation—that have been invigorated by genetic insights, a trend likely to continue as new genomic approaches are applied to non-model species.

中文翻译:

鸟类着色遗传学:最新进展和新出现的问题

鸟类丰富多彩的表型长期以来为进化生物学家提供了丰富的源材料。鸟类的羽毛、喙、皮肤和鸡蛋——它们表现出一系列令人惊叹的神秘而显眼的形态——启发了早期关于适应性着色的工作。最近,鸟类的颜色推动了对生理、发育和——越来越多——导致表型变异的遗传机制的发现。鸟类颜色特征可以相对容易地量化,这使得鸟类成为揭示表型和基因型之间联系的有吸引力的系统。因此,鸟类着色遗传学领域正在蓬勃发展。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了与鸟类颜色的遗传基础相关的最新进展和新出现的问题。我们首先描述与 2 类色素相关的突破:产生红色、黄色、大多数鸟类和鹦鹉中的橙色和在鹦鹉中产生相似颜色的鹦鹉黄素。然后我们讨论结构颜色,这些颜色是由光与纳米级材料的相互作用产生的,并大大扩展了羽毛调色板。结构颜色遗传学仍未得到充分研究——但这种范式正在发生变化。接下来,我们将探索由色素和结构机制之间的相互作用产生的颜色如何受到共同表达或共同调节的基因的控制。我们还确定了研究介导羽毛内微图案以及裸露部分和鸡蛋着色的基因的机会。最后,我们重点介绍了 2 个研究领域——颜色视觉和颜色产生之间的机械联系,以及物种形成——这些研究领域已被遗传见解所激发,
更新日期:2021-03-23
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