The production of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing different vegetable extracts (onion, cabbage, carrot, and tomato) was performed in this research owing to its excellency over other methods of synthesis, namely, simplicity, environmental friendliness, and the elimination of harmful compounds. Fresh extracted onion, cabbage, carrot, and tomato of ZnO NPs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR findings demonstrate that the prepared nanoparticles were observed in the spectrum of 626 cm^-1–1219 cm^-1 with some other functional groups. Wurtzite hexagonal structure of the prepared ZnO NPs was observed from XRD results. In addition, the prepared nanoparticles were failed into nanoscales (17 nm, 18 nm, 24 nm, and 15 nm) calculated from Scherrer’s equation. Nearly spherical shapes were seen from SEM image for onion and tomato extraction while rod and tube for carrot and cabbage, respectively. Two broad peaks were observed from UV-vis spectroscopy results for each extract. The presence of a wide range of energy bandgaps in the region of 3-4 eV was detected, indicating that ZnO NP material can be employed in metal oxide semiconductor-based systems. The dye-sensitive solar cell based on ZnO NPs has been successfully synthesized, and the efficiency of the device has been evaluated by measuring the current density-voltage behaviour under the presence of artificial sunshine. The increased effectiveness of the manufactured dye-sensitive solar cell is attributable to a large improvement in dye molecular adsorption onto the surface of ZnO NPs. Thus, the usage of the green produced ZnO NPs with creating dye sensitivity solar cell is a simple and viable way for the well-being of our future.

中文翻译：

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绿色合成、氧化锌纳米颗粒的表征以及使用各种植物提取物的染料敏感太阳能电池的性能检测

本研究利用不同的植物提取物（洋葱、卷心菜、胡萝卜和番茄）生产氧化锌纳米颗粒 (ZnO NPs)，因为它优于其他合成方法，即简单、环保和消除有害化合物。通过傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和紫外-可见光谱对新鲜提取的 ZnO NPs 洋葱、卷心菜、胡萝卜和番茄进行表征。FTIR 结果表明制备的纳米粒子在 626 cm ^-1 –1219 cm ^-1的光谱范围内观察到与其他一些官能团。从 XRD 结果观察到所制备的 ZnO NPs 的纤锌矿六方结构。此外，所制备的纳米粒子未能达到根据谢勒方程计算的纳米级（17 nm、18 nm、24 nm 和 15 nm）。从 SEM 图像中可以看到洋葱和番茄提取的近乎球形的形状，而胡萝卜和卷心菜分别为杆状和管状。从每个提取物的 UV-vis 光谱结果中观察到两个宽峰。检测到在 3-4 eV 范围内存在广泛的能带隙，表明 ZnO NP 材料可用于基于金属氧化物半导体的系统。已成功合成了基于 ZnO NPs 的染料敏太阳能电池，并且通过测量人造阳光存在下的电流密度 - 电压行为来评估设备的效率。所制造的染料敏感太阳能电池的效率提高归因于染料分子吸附在 ZnO NPs 表面上的显着改善。因此，使用绿色生产的 ZnO NPs 来制造染料敏感性太阳能电池是一种简单可行的方法，可以为我们的未来带来福祉。