Impression management is a fundamental aspect of social life. From self-promotion to feedback giving, from advice seeking to networking, people frequently find themselves in situations where they need to make a positive impression on others. Despite the long-term benefits of making a favorable impression, impression management attempts can backfire in unintended ways. In this article, I review recent research on self-presentation, social cognition, and communication to explain when and why people have misguided intuitions about their impressions on others, document common impression management mistakes, and propose more effective strategies to minimize actor-target asymmetries in social interactions. This review provides a theoretical framework to understand the psychology of impression (mis)management, as well as the risks and rewards of different self-presentation strategies.

印象管理是社会生活的一个基本方面。从自我推销到给予反馈，从寻求建议到建立人脉，人们经常发现自己处于需要给他人留下积极印象的境地。尽管给人留下好印象有长期好处，但印象管理尝试可能会以意想不到的方式适得其反。在这篇文章中，我回顾了最近关于自我展示、社会认知和沟通的研究，以解释人们何时以及为什么会误导他们对他人印象的直觉，记录常见的印象管理错误，并提出更有效的策略来最大限度地减少行动者-目标不对称在社交互动中。这篇综述提供了一个理论框架来理解印象（错误）管理的心理学，