The Cutosea represent a deep-branching lineage within the phylum Amoebozoa that is still relatively poorly explored. Currently, there are four cutosean representatives known – the monotypic genera Armaparvus, Idionectes, Sapocribrum, and Squamamoeba – with marked genetic distances. Idionectes vortex is the deepest-branching species and differs markedly from the other Cutosea in ecology, life history, and most importantly, in its ability to form a flagellated swarmer with an exceptional swimming mechanism. As far as we know, the other Cutosea lack flagella and rather represent small, marine amoebae with a characteristic cell coat. The present paper focuses on the amoeboid life history stage of the algivorous amoeboflagellate Idionectes vortex to provide data for a first in-depth comparison with other Cutosea and to document structural specialties. The amoeboid stage of Idionectes is mainly associated with the specific feeding process, that is, the interaction with algal prey cells and phagocytosis of protoplast material. Yet, the present data from time-lapse microscopy, cytochemical stainings, and electron microscopy demonstrate clear similarities with the other cutosean species concerning amoeboid locomotion and cell coat ultrastructure. Furthermore, Idionectes amoebae exhibit a well-developed microtubular cytoskeleton, and an unusual basal apparatus that seems to undergo marked changes during the life history of this exceptional amoebozoan.

中文翻译：

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Idionectes vortex 变形虫（Cutosea、Amoebozoa）：运动性、细胞骨架结构和细胞外尺度

Cutosea 代表阿米巴动物门内的一个深分支谱系，其探索仍然相对较少。目前，已知有四种皮肤动物代表——单型属Armaparvus、Idionectes、Sapocribrum和Squamamoeba——具有显着的遗传距离。白蚁涡旋是分支最深的物种，在生态、生活史和最重要的是，它能够形成具有特殊游泳机制的带鞭毛的蜂群，与其他库托海明显不同。据我们所知，另一种 Cutosea 没有鞭毛，而是代表具有特征细胞外壳的小型海洋变形虫。本论文侧重于食藻变形虫Idionectes vortex的变形虫生活史阶段，为与其他 Cutosea 的首次深入比较和记录结构特性提供数据。Idionectes的变形虫阶段主要与特定的摄食过程有关，即与藻类猎物细胞的相互作用和对原生质体物质的吞噬作用。然而，目前来自延时显微镜、细胞化学染色和电子显微镜的数据表明，在变形虫运动和细胞外壳超微结构方面与其他皮肤动物有明显的相似之处。此外，Idionectes变形虫呈现出发达的微管骨架，而且似乎这个特殊的amoebozoan的生命历程中经历显着的变化不寻常的基础设备。