Shortage of water, energy, and bioresources in the world has led to the exploration of new technologies that achieve resource recovery from wastewater, which has become a new sustainable trend. Photosynthetic non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB), the most ancient photo microorganism, not only treats different wastewater types, but also generates PNSB cells, which are non-toxic bioresources and containing many value-added products. These bioresources can be used as raw materials in the agricultural, food, and medical industries. Therefore, PNSB or PNSB-based wastewater resource recovery technology can be simultaneously used to treat wastewater and produce useful bioresources. Compared with traditional wastewater treatment, this technology can reduce CO₂ emissions, promote the N recovery ratio and prevent residual sludge disposal or generation. After being developed for over half a century, PNSB wastewater resource recovery technology is currently extended towards industrial applications. Here, this technology is comprehensively introduced in terms of (1) PNSB characteristics and metabolism; (2) PNSB wastewater treatment and bioresource recovery efficiency; (3) the relative factors influencing the performance of this technology, including light, oxygen, strains, wastewater types, hydraulic retention time, on wastewater treatment, and resource production; (4) PNSB value-added bioresources and their generation from wastewater; (5) the scale-up history of PNSB technology; (6) Finally, the future perspectives and challenges of this technology were also analysed and summarised.

世界范围内水资源、能源和生物资源的短缺，促使人们探索实现废水资源化的新技术，成为可持续发展的新趋势。光合非硫细菌（PNSB）是最古老的光微生物，不仅可以处理不同类型的废水，还可以产生PNSB细胞，这些细胞是无毒生物资源，含有许多增值产品。这些生物资源可用作农业、食品和医疗行业的原材料。因此，PNSB 或基于 PNSB 的废水资源回收技术可同时用于处理废水和生产有用的生物资源。与传统废水处理相比，该技术可减少CO ₂排放，提高氮回收率，防止残留污泥处置或产生。经过半个多世纪的发展，PNSB废水资源回收技术目前正在向工业应用延伸。在此，从（1）PNSB特性及代谢方面综合介绍该技术；(2) PNSB 废水处理和生物资源回收效率；(3) 影响该技术性能的相关因素，包括光、氧、菌株、废水类型、水力停留时间、废水处理和资源生产；(4) PNSB 增值生物资源及其从废水中产生；(5) PNSB技术的放大历史；(6) 最后，对该技术的未来前景和挑战也进行了分析和总结。