In this study, we aimed to determine the association of neonatal/post-neonatal hypothyroidism with mother’s iodine exposure, especially povidone iodine disinfection, and hysterosalpingography. Participants were mother–child pairs in a Japanese birth cohort (n = 100,286). Risk factors of hypothyroidism were supplement intake, seaweed intake, other daily iodine intake, povidone iodine disinfection at delivery, and maternal history of hysterosalpingography, thyroid disease (Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), and medication (thiamazole and levothyroxine). Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) at age 1 year was assessed using a questionnaire. Transient hypothyroidism was defined as elevated thyroid stimulating hormone level at birth and absence of CH at age 1 year. The incidence of CH at age 1 year per 100 children was 1.1 for those born at 22–30 weeks’ gestation, 0.17 following povidone iodine disinfection, and 0.07, 0.95, 0.81, 1.17, and 1.15 with a maternal history of hysterosalpingography, Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, thiamazole use, and levothyroxine use, respectively. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of CH at age 1 year for povidone iodine disinfection, hysterosalpingography history, maternal Graves’ disease, and maternal Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were 1.13 (0.71–1.79), 0.47 (0.07–3.36), 7.06 (3.70–13.5), and 5.93 (2.90–12.1), respectively. For transient hypothyroidism for povidone iodine disinfection and hysterosalpingography history, these values were 1.99 (1.51–2.62) and 0.63 (0.20–1.96), respectively. Maternal thyroid disease greatly increased neonatal/post-neonatal hypothyroidism risk. Povidone iodine disinfection may increase transient hypothyroidism risk but not the risk at 1 year of age. Hysterosalpingography does not increase hypothyroidism risk from birth to age 1 year.

在这项研究中，我们旨在确定新生儿/新生儿后甲状腺功能减退症与母亲碘暴露量的关系，尤其是聚维酮碘消毒和子宫输卵管造影。参与者是日本出生队列中的母子对（n= 100,286)。甲状腺功能减退的危险因素是补充剂摄入量、海藻摄入量、其他每日碘摄入量、分娩时聚维酮碘消毒、母亲子宫输卵管造影、甲状腺疾病（格雷夫斯病和桥本甲状腺炎）和药物治疗（噻唑啉和左甲状腺素）史。使用问卷评估 1 岁时的先天性甲状腺功能减退症 (CH)。一过性甲状腺功能减退症定义为出生时促甲状腺激素水平升高且 1 岁时无 CH。孕 22-30 周出生的儿童每 100 名儿童 1 岁时 CH 的发生率为 1.1，聚维酮碘消毒后为 0.17，母亲子宫输卵管造影史为 0.07、0.95、0.81、1.17 和 1.15，Graves'疾病、桥本氏甲状腺炎、噻唑唑的使用和左甲状腺素的使用。1 岁时 CH 在聚维酮碘消毒、子宫输卵管造影史、母亲 Graves 病和母亲桥本甲状腺炎的优势比（95% 置信区间）分别为 1.13 (0.71–1.79)、0.47 (0.07–3.36)、7.06 (3.70– 13.5) 和 5.93 (2.90–12.1)，分别。对于聚维酮碘消毒和子宫输卵管造影史的短暂性甲状腺功能减退，这些值分别为 1.99（1.51-2.62）和 0.63（0.20-1.96）。母体甲状腺疾病大大增加了新生儿/新生儿后甲状腺功能减退的风险。聚维酮碘消毒可能会增加一过性甲状腺功能减退的风险，但不会增加 1 岁时的风险。子宫输卵管造影不会增加从出生到 1 岁的甲状腺功能减退风险。产妇 Graves 病和产妇桥本甲状腺炎分别为 1.13 (0.71-1.79)、0.47 (0.07-3.36)、7.06 (3.70-13.5) 和 5.93 (2.90-12.1)。对于聚维酮碘消毒和子宫输卵管造影史的短暂性甲状腺功能减退，这些值分别为 1.99（1.51-2.62）和 0.63（0.20-1.96）。母体甲状腺疾病大大增加了新生儿/新生儿后甲状腺功能减退的风险。聚维酮碘消毒可能会增加一过性甲状腺功能减退的风险，但不会增加 1 岁时的风险。子宫输卵管造影不会增加从出生到 1 岁的甲状腺功能减退风险。产妇 Graves 病和产妇桥本甲状腺炎分别为 1.13 (0.71-1.79)、0.47 (0.07-3.36)、7.06 (3.70-13.5) 和 5.93 (2.90-12.1)。对于聚维酮碘消毒和子宫输卵管造影史的短暂性甲状腺功能减退，这些值分别为 1.99（1.51-2.62）和 0.63（0.20-1.96）。母体甲状腺疾病大大增加了新生儿/新生儿后甲状腺功能减退的风险。聚维酮碘消毒可能会增加一过性甲状腺功能减退的风险，但不会增加 1 岁时的风险。子宫输卵管造影不会增加从出生到 1 岁的甲状腺功能减退风险。分别为 99 (1.51–2.62) 和 0.63 (0.20–1.96)。母体甲状腺疾病大大增加了新生儿/新生儿后甲状腺功能减退的风险。聚维酮碘消毒可能会增加一过性甲状腺功能减退的风险，但不会增加 1 岁时的风险。子宫输卵管造影不会增加从出生到 1 岁的甲状腺功能减退风险。分别为 99 (1.51–2.62) 和 0.63 (0.20–1.96)。母体甲状腺疾病大大增加了新生儿/新生儿后甲状腺功能减退的风险。聚维酮碘消毒可能会增加一过性甲状腺功能减退的风险，但不会增加 1 岁时的风险。子宫输卵管造影不会增加从出生到 1 岁的甲状腺功能减退风险。