Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have an increased risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) compared with the general pediatric population. There has been a growing research interest on this field in recent years, yet many questions regarding risk factors and clinical implications of SDB remain unclear. The aim of this review is to provide a concise narrative and systematic synthesis of the available evidence on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, complications, and management, of SDB in children with SCD. An electronic search was conducted on studies published from the 1st of January 2000 to the 31st of December 2020 in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. All studies focusing on SDB in children with SCD aged from 0 to 20 years were included. Studies were eligible for inclusion if available in the English language. A quantitative synthesis of the included studies was performed. Only studies focusing on specific treatment outcomes were included in a meta-analytic process. A total of 190 papers were initially identified. After screening the title and abstract, 112 articles were evaluated for eligibility. At the end of the selection process, 62 studies were included in the analysis. Sleep disordered breathing is associated with worse neurological, neurocognitive, and cardiological outcomes, whereas the association with frequency or severity of vaso-occlusive pain events and acute chest syndrome was not clarified. Therapeutic interventions like adenotonsillectomy or oxygen supplementation may result in a significant increase in mean nocturnal oxygen saturation but effective clinical implications remain still unclear.

中文翻译：

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镰状细胞病患儿睡眠呼吸障碍的负担

与一般儿科人群相比，镰状细胞病 (SCD) 儿童患睡眠呼吸障碍 (SDB) 的风险更高。近年来，该领域的研究兴趣日益浓厚，但有关 SDB 的危险因素和临床意义的许多问题仍不清楚。本综述的目的是对 SCD 儿童 SDB 的流行病学、临床表现、并发症和治疗的现有证据进行简明的叙述和系统的综合。对 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日在 PubMed/Medline、Scopus 和 Cochrane 数据库中发表的研究进行了电子搜索。所有关注 0 至 20 岁 SCD 儿童 SDB 的研究均被纳入。如果可用英语进行研究，则有资格纳入。对纳入的研究进行了定量合成。只有侧重于特定治疗结果的研究才包括在荟萃分析过程中。初步确定了190篇论文。在筛选标题和摘要后，对 112 篇文章进行了资格评估。在选择过程结束时，62 项研究被纳入分析。睡眠呼吸障碍与更差的神经、神经认知和心脏结局相关，而与血管闭塞性疼痛事件和急性胸部综合征的频率或严重程度的关联尚未阐明。扁桃体切除术或氧气补充等治疗干预可能会导致平均夜间氧饱和度显着增加，但有效的临床意义仍不清楚。