Abstract: Around the globe, surges of bacterial diseases are causing serious health threats and related concerns. Recently, the metal ion release and photodynamic and photothermal effects of nanomaterials were demonstrated to have substantial efficiency in eliminating resistance and surges of bacteria. Nanomaterials with characteristics such as surface plasmonic resonance, photocatalysis, structural complexities, and optical features have been utilized to control metal ion release, generate reactive oxygen species, and produce heat for antibacterial applications. The superior characteristics of nanomaterials present an opportunity to explore and enhance their antibacterial activities leading to clinical applications. In this review, we comprehensively list three different antibacterial mechanisms of metal ion release, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy based on nanomaterials. These three different antibacterial mechanisms are divided into their respective subgroups in accordance with recent achievements, showcasing prospective challenges and opportunities in clinical, environmental, and related fields.

Keywords: nanomaterials, metal ions, photodynamic, photothermal, antibacterial mechanism, reactive oxygen species


中文翻译：

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用于抗菌应用的纳米材料的新趋势

摘要：在全球范围内，细菌性疾病的激增正在造成严重的健康威胁和相关问题。最近，纳米材料的金属离子释放和光动力和光热效应被证明在消除细菌耐药性和激增方面具有显着的效率。具有表面等离子体共振、光催化、结构复杂性和光学特征等特性的纳米材料已被用于控制金属离子释放、产生活性氧和产生用于抗菌应用的热量。纳米材料的优越特性为探索和增强其抗菌活性提供了机会，从而实现了临床应用。在这篇综述中，我们全面列出了金属离子释放、光动力疗法、和基于纳米材料的光热疗法。这三种不同的抗菌机制根据最近的成就分为各自的亚组，展示了临床、环境和相关领域的潜在挑战和机遇。

关键词:纳米材料, 金属离子, 光动力, 光热, 抗菌机制, 活性氧