Existing research on cyberbullying has primarily focused on adolescents in cross-sectional survey studies, with less research focusing on college students or employed adults over longer periods of time. To extend this literature, the current study examined new predictors and outcomes of cyberbullying perpetration (CP) and victimization (CV) among college students from two different universities that were followed across two time points. Risk factors were measured in line with previous theoretical models, including biological or personality-related variables (e.g., low self-control, dark-side personality traits, empathy) and environmental variables (e.g., perceived social support, lack of rule clarity, and internet use). Additionally, we examined several possible outcomes of CV and CP. Results from path analyses revealed that involvement with traditional bullying (either as a perpetrator or a victim) as well as Machiavellianism significantly predicted CV and CP. With regard to the cross-lagged associations between CV and CP, we found that Time 1 CV predicted time 2 CP, but Time 1 CP did not predict Time 2 CV. That is, being a victim of cyberbullying during the Fall semester predicted involvement as a perpetrator in the Spring semester. However, being a perpetrator during the Fall semester did not predict being a victim during the Spring semester. Regarding outcomes, we found that CV significantly predicted anxiety, depression, and helping behavior, and CP significantly predicted deviant behavior, but not GPA nor alcohol consumption. These findings have practical implications for college students as well as university student support services.

中文翻译：

---

大学生网络欺凌的预测因素和结果：两波研究

现有关于网络欺凌的研究主要集中在横断面调查研究中的青少年身上，而较少关注大学生或长期就业的成年人。为了扩展这一文献，本研究在两个时间点对来自两所不同大学的大学生进行网络欺凌 (CP) 和受害 (CV) 的新预测因子和结果进行了调查。风险因素的测量与之前的理论模型一致，包括生物学或人格相关变量（例如，低自我控制、黑暗面人格特质、同理心）和环境变量（例如，感知到的社会支持、缺乏规则清晰性以及互联网使用）。此外，我们检查了 CV 和 CP 的几种可能结果。路径分析的结果表明，参与传统的欺凌（无论是作为施暴者还是受害者）以及马基雅维利主义都可以显着预测 CV 和 CP。关于 CV 和 CP 之间的交叉滞后关联，我们发现时间 1 CV 预测时间 2 CP，但时间 1 CP 没有预测时间 2 CV。也就是说，作为秋季学期网络欺凌的受害者，预计春季学期将成为犯罪者。然而，在秋季学期成为肇事者并不能预测在春季学期成为受害者。关于结果，我们发现 CV 显着预测焦虑、抑郁和帮助行为，CP 显着预测越轨行为，但不预测 GPA 和饮酒量。