Accurate and timely information sharing among multiple participants is one of the crucial factors for collaboration in crisis management. The icon-based map was frequently applied as an effective means for crisis interaction and collaboration. However, former studies only regarded the icons as supplementary visualization components during the whole crisis collaboration process. In this paper, the concept of a structured-icon-relied interactive method was proposed to directly integrate all kinds of crisis and coordination information through icons on the crisis map. Moreover, structured icons are supposed to explicitly show the correlation among crisis information and to improve the interactive experience of information search. The effectiveness of this interactive method was verified by a controlled experiment with three sub-tasks for simulated crisis rescue. The results of the experiment showed that the design of the crisis map based on structured icons had a positive impact on collaborative decision-making and crisis interaction. The dynamic characteristics of the structured icon could represent the temporal and spatial attributes of crisis information and enhance users’ crisis coordination ability. The study aims to enrich the theory of crisis information visualization and interaction based on structured iconic representation. In practice, this research could optimize the design of a crisis collaboration system based on the icon as well as the interaction between people, crisis information, and collaborative system, which in turn provides accurate and timely rescue decisions.

多个参与者之间准确及时的信息共享是危机管理协作的关键因素之一。基于图标的地图经常被用作危机互动和协作的有效手段。然而，以往的研究仅将图标作为整个危机协作过程中的辅助可视化组件。在本文中，提出了一种基于结构化图标的交互方法的概念，通过危机地图上的图标直接整合各种危机和协调信息。此外，结构化图标应明确显示危机信息之间的相关性，并提高信息搜索的交互体验。这种交互式方法的有效性通过具有模拟危机救援的三个子任务的受控实验得到验证。实验结果表明，基于结构化图标的危机地图设计对协同决策和危机互动具有积极影响。结构化图标的动态特性可以表征危机信息的时空属性，增强用户的危机协调能力。本研究旨在丰富基于结构化图标表示的危机信息可视化与交互理论。在实践中，本研究可以优化基于图标的危机协作系统的设计，以及人、危机信息和协作系统之间的交互，