This study determined isomeric molecules by employing molecular imprinting technology (MIP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In order to increase surface area to obtain more sensitive sensor technology, ex situ precipitation polymerization was carried out to produce microspheres. These microspheres were placed on pyrrole-modified carbon electrodes. Acrylamide, as monomer, was polymerized by cross-linker trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator and as template molecules; chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatane sulfate (DS) were used. Performances of the electrodes were determined as follows, CS and DS sensor, respectively; calibration curves were calculated between 50 to 500 ng/mL and 50 to 600 ng, R² = 0.9942 ± 0.0029 and R² = 0.9824 ± 0.0083, LOD and LOQ were 15.19 ng/mL, 46.03 ng/mL, and 32.56 ng/mL, 102.82 ng/mL, respectively. The characterization of polymers was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The applicability of the optimized sensor systems to real samples was examined in urine samples and the systems were tested by LC–MS/MS method. Sensors showed a good correlation with tandem mass spectrometry.

本研究通过采用分子印迹技术 (MIP) 和电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 确定异构分子。为了增加表面积以获得更灵敏的传感器技术，进行了异位沉淀聚合制备微球。这些微球被放置在吡咯修饰的碳电极上。丙烯酰胺为单体，以交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯（TRIM）和偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂和模板分子聚合而成；使用硫酸软骨素（CS）和硫酸皮肤素（DS）。电极的性能分别确定如下，CS和DS传感器；校准曲线的计算范围为 50 至 500 ng/mL 和 50 至 600 ng，R ²  = 0.9942 ± 0.0029 和R ²  = 0.9824 ± 0.0083，LOD 和 LOQ 分别为 15.19 ng/mL、46.03 ng/mL 和 32.56 ng/mL、102.82 ng/mL。通过 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 对聚合物进行表征。在尿样中检查优化的传感器系统对实际样品的适用性，并通过 LC-MS/MS 方法测试系统。传感器与串联质谱法显示出良好的相关性。