Introduction. Probiotic supplementation of preterm infants may prevent serious morbidities associated with prematurity. Aim. To investigate the impact of probiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota and determine factors associated with detection of probiotic species in the infant gut. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Probiotic supplementation increases the long-term colonization of probiotic species in the gut of preterm infants. Methodology. Longitudinal stool samples were collected from a cohort of very preterm infants participating in a blinded randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of probiotic supplementation (containing Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis BB-02, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4) for prevention of late-onset sepsis. The presence of B. longum subsp. infantis , B. animalis subsp. lactis and S. thermophilus was determined for up to 23 months after supplementation ended using real-time PCR. Logistic regression was used to investigate the impact of probiotic supplementation on the presence of each species. Results. Detection of B. longum subsp. infantis [odds ratio (OR): 53.1; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 35.6–79.1; P < 0.001], B. animalis subsp. lactis (OR: 89.1; 95 % CI: 59.0–134.5; P < 0.001) and S. thermophilus (OR: 5.66; 95 % CI: 4.35–7.37; P < 0.001) was increased during the supplementation period in infants receiving probiotic supplementation. Post-supplementation, probiotic-supplemented infants had increased detection of B. longum subsp. infantis (OR: 2.53; 95 % CI: 1.64–3.90; P < 0.001) and B. animalis subsp. lactis (OR: 1.59; 95 % CI: 1.05–2.41; P=0.030). Commencing probiotic supplementation before 5 days from birth was associated with increased detection of the probiotic species over the study period ( B. longum subsp. infantis, OR: 1.20; B. animalis subsp. lactis, OR: 1.28; S. thermophilus, OR: 1.45). Conclusion. Probiotic supplementation with B. longum subsp. infantis BB-02, B. animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and S. thermophilus TH-4 enhances the presence of probiotic species in the gut microbiota of very preterm infants during and after supplementation. Commencing probiotic supplementation shortly after birth may be important for improving the long-term colonization of probiotic species.

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益生菌补充剂对早产儿肠道菌群的影响

介绍。为早产儿补充益生菌可以预防与早产相关的严重疾病。目的。研究益生菌补充剂对肠道微生物群的影响，并确定与检测婴儿肠道益生菌种类相关的因素。假设/差距陈述。益生菌补充剂增加了早产儿肠道中益生菌种类的长期定植。方法。纵向粪便样本收集自一组极早产儿参加的盲法随机对照试验，研究益生菌补充剂（含有长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BB-02， 动物双歧杆菌 亚种。乳杆菌BB-12 和嗜热链球菌TH-4）用于预防迟发性败血症。B. longum subsp.的存在。infantis , B.animalis subsp. 使用实时 PCR 测定补充结束后长达 23 个月的乳酸菌和嗜热链球菌。使用逻辑回归来研究益生菌补充剂对每个物种存在的影响。结果。B. longum subsp. 的检测 婴儿[优势比 (OR): 53.1; 95% 置信区间 (CI)：35.6–79.1；磷 < 0.001] , B.animalis subsp. 球菌 （OR：89.1; 95％CI：59.0-134.5; P <0.001）和嗜热链球菌（OR：5.66; 95％CI：4.35-7.37; P <0.001）期间接收补充益生菌的补充期婴儿升高. 补充后，补充益生菌的婴儿对B. longum subsp. 的检测增加。infantis (OR: 2.53; 95 % CI: 1.64–3.90; P < 0.001) 和B.animalis subsp. 乳酸(OR: 1.59; 95 % CI: 1.05–2.41; P =0.030）。在出生后 5 天前开始补充益生菌与研究期间益生菌种类的检测增加有关（B. longum subsp. infantis ， OR：1.20；B.animalis subsp. lactis ， OR：1.28；S.thermophilus， OR： 1.45)。结论。益生菌补充剂长双歧杆菌亚种。婴儿BB-02，B.animalis subsp。乳杆菌BB-12 和嗜热链球菌 TH-4 在补充期间和之后增强了极早产儿肠道微生物群中益生菌种类的存在。在出生后不久开始补充益生菌可能对改善益生菌物种的长期定植很重要。