ABSTRACT

The Paris Agreement articulates a global goal on adaptation, which aims to ensure an ‘adequate adaptation response’ to the ‘global temperature goal’, and requires countries to report progress through periodic global stocktakes. However, there remain conceptual and methodological challenges in defining an adaptation goal and mixed evidence on what effective adaptation looks like and how it can be enabled. In this review, we demonstrate how different normative views on adaptation outcomes, arising from different epistemological and disciplinary entry points, can lead to very different interpretations of adaptation effectiveness. We argue that how effectiveness is framed will significantly impact adaptation implementation and outcomes. This, furthermore, represents a way of exercising influence in adaptation decision-making. Eleven principles of effective adaptation are distilled as a way to pluralize guidance in international processes such as the Global Stocktake as well as national and sub-national exercises on tracking and monitoring adaptation.

摘要

《巴黎协定》阐明了全球适应目标，旨在确保对“全球温度目标”做出“充分的适应反应”，并要求各国通过定期全球盘点报告进展情况。然而，在定义适应目标和有效适应是什么样子以及如何实现它的混合证据方面仍然存在概念和方法上的挑战。在这篇综述中，我们展示了来自不同认识论和学科切入点的关于适应结果的不同规范观点如何导致对适应有效性的不同解释。我们认为，如何制定有效性将显着影响适应的实施和结果。此外，这代表了一种在适应决策中施加影响的方式。