It is a longstanding challenge for epoxy-based nanocomposites to optimize the dispersity of graphene so as to improve the mechanical properties and endow more functions. Non-covalent functionalization of graphene via dispersants is a crucial strategy to achieve well-dispersion, which can maintain the original physical/chemical properties. However, the reported dispersants significantly reduce mechanical properties of matrix and their stable graphene concentration is limited. Herein, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyloxyglycidyl ether (TFGE) is synthesized and used as a dispersant to realize non-covalent functionalization of graphene, which can further improve the interface, dispersity and loading of graphene via π-π_F interactions between tetrafluorophenyl and graphene, compared with π-π interactions. Moreover, TFGE can simultaneously reinforce and toughen the matrix via internal antiplasticization. The well-designed epoxy-based nanocomposite with ultralow graphene loading (less than 0.03 wt%) shows outstanding mechanical and thermomechanical properties, photo/thermochromic ability, light absorption, flame resistance as well as adhesive strength. This facile strategy provides an efficient guideline for better design and large-scale preparation of high-performance and multi-functional graphene/epoxy nanocomposites applied in adhesive, coating, anti-fake and structural materials.

优化石墨烯的分散性以改善机械性能并赋予更多功能是环氧基纳米复合材料的长期挑战。通过分散剂对石墨烯进行非共价官能化是实现良好分散的关键策略，它可以保持原始的物理/化学性质。然而，报道的分散剂显着降低了基质的机械性能，并且其稳定的石墨烯浓度是有限的。在此，合成了 2,3,5,6-四氟苄氧基缩水甘油醚 (TFGE) 并用作分散剂以实现石墨烯的非共价功能化，通过 π-π _F进一步改善石墨烯的界面、分散性和负载与 π-π 相互作用相比，四氟苯基和石墨烯之间的相互作用。此外，TFGE 可以通过内部抗塑化同时增强和增韧基体。精心设计的具有超低石墨烯负载量（小于 0.03 wt%）的环氧基纳米复合材料显示出出色的机械和热机械性能、光/热变色能力、光吸收、阻燃性以及粘合强度。这种简便的策略为更好地设计和大规模制备应用于粘合剂、涂层、防伪和结构材料的高性能和多功能石墨烯/环氧树脂纳米复合材料提供了有效的指导。