Plastic particles of less than 5 mm size, referred as microplastics, have recently become a major environmental issue. While microplastics are well known in marine and lake systems, there have been less investigations in soils and groundwater. Here we review the origin, shape, impact, and mitigation strategies of soil and groundwater microplastics. We found that littering is the main origin of microplastics in global topsoils, while greenhouses are the main source of microplastics in South Korea. Fibers and pellets are dominant microplastic shapes in soil and groundwater. Microplastic contamination of soil and groundwater is detrimental to human health, plants, nematodes, earthworms, and soil properties. Remediation methods include pyrolysis, replacing plastics by biodegradable plastics, plastic filtration, and subsequent chemical or biological degradation.

小于 5 毫米的塑料颗粒，称为微塑料，最近已成为一个主要的环境问题。虽然微塑料在海洋和湖泊系统中广为人知，但对土壤和地下水的调查却较少。在这里，我们回顾了土壤和地下水微塑料的起源、形状、影响和缓解策略。我们发现垃圾是全球表土中微塑料的主要来源，而温室是韩国微塑料的主要来源。纤维和颗粒是土壤和地下水中的主要微塑料形状。土壤和地下水的微塑料污染对人类健康、植物、线虫、蚯蚓和土壤性质都是有害的。修复方法包括热解、用可生物降解塑料代替塑料、塑料过滤、