Oxide perovskites have emerged as an important class of materials with important applications in many technological areas, particularly thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and energy storage. However, their implementation faces numerous challenges that are familiar to the chemist and materials scientist. The present work surveys the state-of-the-art by integrating these two viewpoints, focusing on the critical role that defect engineering plays in the design, fabrication, modification, and application of these materials. An extensive review of experimental and simulation studies of the synthesis and performance of oxide perovskites and devices containing these materials is coupled with exposition of the fundamental and applied aspects of defect equilibria. The aim of this approach is to elucidate how these issues can be integrated in order to shed light on the interpretation of the data and what trajectories are suggested by them. This critical examination has revealed a number of areas in which the review can provide a greater understanding. These include considerations of (1) the nature and formation of solid solutions, (2) site filling and stoichiometry, (3) the rationale for the design of defective oxide perovskites, and (4) the complex mechanisms of charge compensation and charge transfer. The review concludes with some proposed strategies to address the challenges in the future development of oxide perovskites and their applications.

中文翻译：

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用于催化和储能的氧化物钙钛矿的缺陷工程：化学和材料科学的综合

氧化物钙钛矿已成为一类重要的材料，在许多技术领域具有重要应用，特别是热催化、电催化、光催化和储能。然而，它们的实施面临着化学家和材料科学家熟悉的许多挑战。目前的工作通过整合这两个观点来调查最新技术，重点关注缺陷工程在这些材料的设计、制造、修改和应用中所起的关键作用。对氧化物钙钛矿和包含这些材料的器件的合成和性能的实验和模拟研究进行了广泛的审查，同时对缺陷平衡的基本和应用方面进行了阐述。这种方法的目的是阐明如何整合这些问题，以阐明数据的解释以及它们建议的轨迹。这项批判性检查揭示了审查可以提供更多理解的许多领域。这些包括考虑（1）固溶体的性质和形成，（2）位点填充和化学计量，（3）设计有缺陷的氧化物钙钛矿的基本原理，以及（4）电荷补偿和电荷转移的复杂机制。该评论最后提出了一些建议的策略，以解决氧化物钙钛矿及其应用未来发展中的挑战。这项批判性检查揭示了审查可以提供更多理解的许多领域。这些包括考虑（1）固溶体的性质和形成，（2）位点填充和化学计量，（3）设计有缺陷的氧化物钙钛矿的基本原理，以及（4）电荷补偿和电荷转移的复杂机制。该评论最后提出了一些建议的策略，以解决氧化物钙钛矿及其应用未来发展中的挑战。这项批判性检查揭示了审查可以提供更多理解的许多领域。这些包括考虑（1）固溶体的性质和形成，（2）位点填充和化学计量，（3）设计有缺陷的氧化物钙钛矿的基本原理，以及（4）电荷补偿和电荷转移的复杂机制。该评论最后提出了一些建议的策略，以解决氧化物钙钛矿及其应用未来发展中的挑战。