Graded structural materials (GSMs) with variable performance and composition have a full application in the aerospace industry. Hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing is very convenient to fabricate GSM by adjusting the composition of the deposited materials, removing the excess parts and improving the overall dimensions. Crack is a very significant defect in blocky GSM components because of the excessive heat accumulation and uneven distribution of residual stress. To analyze the reason and effects of cracks, blocky and thin-walled GSMs were fabricated. By analyzing the crack morphology, microstructures, element distribution and oxidation, results show that IN718 had much better oxidation resistance than 316L, which led to cracks appearing on the side of 316L. By adjusting the blocky structures to thin-walled structures, huge cracks almost disappeared. However, the poor bonding strength of the interface resulted in worse tensile strength of GSM than single 316L or IN718 by laser depositing.

具有可变性能和成分的渐变结构材料 (GSM) 在航空航天工业中得到了充分的应用。通过调整沉积材料的成分、去除多余部分和改善整体尺寸，混合增材和减材制造非常方便地制造 GSM。裂纹是块状 GSM 元件中非常显着的缺陷，因为热量积累过多，残余应力分布不均匀。为了分析裂纹的原因和影响，制造了块状和薄壁 GSM。通过对裂纹形貌、显微组织、元素分布和氧化情况的分析，结果表明IN718比316L具有更好的抗氧化性，导致裂纹出现在316L的侧面。通过将块状结构调整为薄壁结构，巨大的裂缝几乎消失了。然而，界面结合强度差导致GSM的拉伸强度比激光沉积的单个316L或IN718差。