ABSTRACT

This paper analyses populism as a layered system with three levels: the political/institutional, the social/interactional, and the psychological/intrapsychic. Each level is theorized using a specific analytic concept, At the political/institutional level the analytic concept is ideology, and populism is theorized as a ‘thin ideology’ that divides society into the pure people and the corrupt elite. At the social/interactional level the analytic concept is social identity and populism is theorized as a form of identity politics in which devalued social groups develop a compensatory positive identity based on populist ideology. At the psychological/intrapsychic level the analytic concept is psychic structure, in which individuals use a paranoid/schizoid psychic structure that allows them to ward off the negative effects associated with their devalued social identity. Each analytic concept has the same deep structure: a binary polar opposition in which one pole is positive and good and the other pole is negative and bad.

摘要

本文将民粹主义分析为一个具有三个层次的分层系统：政治/制度、社会/互动和心理/内心。每个层面都使用特定的分析概念进行理论化，在政治/制度层面上，分析概念是意识形态，而民粹主义被理论化为将社会分为纯粹人民和腐败精英的“薄意识形态”。在社会/互动层面，分析概念是社会身份，而民粹主义被理论化为身份政治的一种形式，其中贬值的社会群体在民粹主义意识形态的基础上发展出一种补偿性的积极身份。在心理/内心层面，分析概念是心理结构，其中个人使用偏执/分裂的心理结构，使他们能够抵御与贬值的社会身份相关的负面影响。每个分析概念都具有相同的深层结构：一个二极对立，其中一个极是正和好，另一个极是负和坏。