Svalbard fjords undergo significant oceanographic and environmental changes associated with the ongoing Arctic warming and increased Atlantic water inflows. We used CTD data from 2013 to 2018 combined with numerical model simulations to decipher the hydrography and circulation in the Krossfjorden-Kongsfjorden, two west Svalbard fjords, with a focus on the Krossfjorden. The Atlantic water prominent in the fjords showed strong inter-annual variability. The Atlantic water and summer freshwater volume (FWV) were more in the Kongsfjorden, with the FWV being 1.4–2.0 times more than 0.08–0.71 km³ in the Krossfjorden. The Krossfjorden had a two-layer structure with warm less-saline surface waters above cold high-saline waters in early summer. The fjord transformed to a three-layer system with warm high-saline waters between cold less-saline surface and cold high-saline deep waters in peak summer and fall. The Krossfjorden temperature showed east-west variability, with a warmer eastern side. Numerical simulations show that the warm Atlantic water from the West Spitsbergen current enters the Krossfjorden through its eastern side, supplying heat to the inner fjord. An outflow is also observed along the western Krossfjorden. This study adds to the understanding of the Svalbard fjord processes in recent times.

斯瓦尔巴峡湾经历了与北极持续变暖和大西洋水流入增加相关的重大海洋和环境变化。我们使用 2013 年至 2018 年的 CTD 数据结合数值模型模拟来解读两个西斯瓦尔巴峡湾 Krossfjorden-Kongsfjorden 的水文和环流，重点是 Krossfjorden。峡湾中突出的大西洋水域表现出强烈的年际变化。Kongsfjorden 的大西洋水量和夏季淡水量（FWV）更多，FWV 是 0.08-0.71 km ³的 1.4-2.0 倍在克罗斯峡湾。Krossfjorden 有一个两层结构，在初夏，温暖的低盐度地表水在寒冷的高盐度水域之上。夏秋两季，峡湾转变为温暖的高盐度水系，介于冷的低盐度表层和冷的高盐度深水层之间。Krossfjorden 的温度呈现出东西向的变化，东部偏暖。数值模拟表明，来自西斯匹次卑尔根洋流的温暖大西洋水通过其东侧进入 Krossfjorden，为内部峡湾提供热量。沿着克罗斯峡湾西部也观察到了外流。这项研究增加了对近代斯瓦尔巴群岛峡湾过程的理解。