Food allergy prevalence is increasing worldwide, therefore there is a high demand for reliable tests to correctly diagnose this disease. Knowledge of proteins allergenicity and how they react both in the body and in diagnostic tests is necessary to adequately assess the potential immunogenicity of both natural foods and those produced through biotechnological processes. Thus, our aim was to analyze the factors that influence the protein extraction of foods in terms of, immunogenicity and immunoassays sensitivity. Peanut proteins were extracted using four distinct extraction buffers with different pH values (physiological saline, tris buffer, borate buffer with and without β-mercaptoethanol), the protein concentration was determined by the Lowry method and polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to compare the protein profile of each extract. The immunogenicity of each extract was verified by sensitizing two mouse strains (Balb/c and C57Bl/6) with a solution containing 100 μg of the extracted proteins and was determined by ELISA. Results show that extraction with the distinct buffers resulted in protein solutions with different yields and profiles. The immunogenicity of the different extracts also demonstrated distinct patterns that varied depending on the extraction methods, mouse strain and in vitro test. Immunoreactivity varied in accordance with the protein extract used to coat the microtitration plates. In conclusion, the protein profile in the extracts is critically influenced by the salt composition and pH of the extraction buffers, this in turn influences both in vivo immunogenicity and in vitro immunoreactivity.

世界范围内食物过敏的流行率正在上升，因此对正确诊断这种疾病的可靠测试有很高的需求。了解蛋白质过敏原性以及它们在体内和诊断测试中的反应对于充分评估天然食品和通过生物技术过程生产的食品的潜在免疫原性是必要的。因此，我们的目的是从免疫原性和免疫测定敏感性方面分析影响食品蛋白质提取的因素。使用具有不同 pH 值的四种不同的提取缓冲液（生理盐水、tris 缓冲液、含和不含 β-巯基乙醇的硼酸盐缓冲液）提取花生蛋白，蛋白质浓度通过 Lowry 方法测定，聚丙烯酰胺电泳 (SDS-PAGE) 用于比较每种提取物的蛋白质谱。每种提取物的免疫原性通过用含有 100 μg 提取蛋白的溶液使两种小鼠品系（Balb/c 和 C57Bl/6）致敏来验证，并通过 ELISA 测定。结果表明，用不同的缓冲液提取得到的蛋白质溶液具有不同的产量和特征。不同提取物的免疫原性也表现出不同的模式，这些模式因提取方法、小鼠品系和体外试验而异。免疫反应性根据用于包被微量滴定板的蛋白质提取物而变化。综上所述，