Presence-only biodiversity data are increasingly relied on in biodiversity, ecology, and conservation research, driven by growing digital infrastructures that support open data sharing and reuse. Recent reviews of open biodiversity data have clearly documented the value of data sharing, but the extent to which the biodiversity research community has adopted open data practices remains unclear. We address this question by reviewing applications of presence-only primary biodiversity data, drawn from a variety of sources beyond open databases, in the indexed literature. We characterize how frequently researchers access open data relative to data from other sources, how often they share newly generated or collated data, and trends in metadata documentation and data citation. Our results indicate that biodiversity research commonly relies on presence-only data that are not openly available and neglects to make such data available. Improved data sharing and documentation will increase the value, reusability, and reproducibility of biodiversity research.

中文翻译：

---

初级生物多样性数据用户之间的开放数据实践

在支持开放数据共享和重用的不断增长的数字基础设施的推动下，生物多样性、生态学和保护研究越来越依赖存在性生物多样性数据。最近对开放生物多样性数据的审查清楚地记录了数据共享的价值，但生物多样性研究界采用开放数据实践的程度仍不清楚。我们通过审查索引文献中仅存在的主要生物多样性数据的应用来解决这个问题，这些数据来自开放数据库以外的各种来源。我们描述了研究人员访问开放数据相对于其他来源数据的频率、他们共享新生成或整理的数据的频率，以及元数据文档和数据引用的趋势。我们的研究结果表明，生物多样性研究通常依赖于无法公开获得的仅存在数据，并且忽略了提供此类数据。改进的数据共享和记录将增加生物多样性研究的价值、可重复使用性和可重复性。