Genetic and morphological analyses were used to revise historical controversies in identities of Beroe species in the southern seas of Europe. DNA analyses with ITS sequences were used to explore their phylogenetic relationships. Three species of Beroe were initially listed as occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. Recently, the specimens were often re-identified using genetic analyses, causing confusions of identity. In 1997, a non-native Beroe was introduced into the Black Sea, which established there and spread to the adjacent seas, adding more controversy and confusion to species identification in this group of comb jellies. Our revisions suggest the following systematic changes: (1) re-naming of the species from what was initially labelled as Beroe ovata, and later as B. cucumis (sensuMayer, 1912), to Beroe pseudocucumis sp. nov.. (2) Beroe mitrata but not Beroe ‘anatoliensis’ inhabits the Aegean Sea, as was reported previously. (3) Beroe ovata is the only species of Beroidae that became invasive and should be used with the authority of Bruguière, 1789, but not in the sense of Mayer, 1912. (4) Beroe forskalii appears to be represented by two species in the Mediterranean and in the Antarctic, but further justification is needed. (5) Beroe cucumis is a species of bipolar occurrence, inhabiting both subpolar areas and its recent definition as Beroe ‘norvegica’ is incorrect.

中文翻译：

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欧洲南部海域鲵科（栉水母）的修订：基于遗传学和形态学的系统学和分布

遗传和形态分析被用来修正欧洲南部海域贝罗物种身份的历史争议。使用 ITS 序列进行 DNA 分析来探索它们的系统发育关系。Beroe 的三种物种最初被列为产于地中海。最近，这些标本经常使用基因分析重新识别，造成身份混淆。1997年，一种外来的Beroe被引入黑海，并在那里定居并蔓延到邻近海域，给这组栉水母的物种鉴定增加了更多的争议和困惑。我们的修订提出了以下系统性变化：(1) 将物种从最初标记为 Beroe ovata，后来称为 B. cucumis (sensuMayer, 1912) 的物种重新命名为 Beroe pseudocucumis sp。十一月.. (2) Beroe mitrata 但不是 Beroe 'anatoliensis' 栖息在爱琴海，如先前报道的那样。(3) Beroe ovata 是 Beroidae 中唯一具有入侵性的物种，应在 Bruguière，1789 年的授权下使用，但不是在 Mayer，1912 年的意义上。 (4) Beroe forskalii 似乎由两个物种代表地中海和南极，但需要进一步证明。(5) Beroe cucumis 是一种两极发生的物种，栖息在亚极地地区，最近将其定义为 Beroe 'norvegica' 是不正确的。(4) Beroe forskalii 似乎在地中海和南极有两个物种代表，但需要进一步证明。(5) Beroe cucumis 是一种两极发生的物种，栖息在亚极地地区，最近将其定义为 Beroe 'norvegica' 是不正确的。(4) Beroe forskalii 似乎在地中海和南极有两个物种代表，但需要进一步证明。(5) Beroe cucumis 是一种两极发生的物种，栖息在亚极地地区，最近将其定义为 Beroe 'norvegica' 是不正确的。