Gender Differences in the Pursuit of Cardiac Electrophysiology Training in North America,Journal of the American College of Cardiology

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Gender Differences in the Pursuit of Cardiac Electrophysiology Training in North America
Journal of the American College of Cardiology ( IF 24.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.033
Nashwa Abdulsalam ₁ , Anne M Gillis ₂ , Anne K Rzeszut ₃ , Celina M Yong ₄ , Claire S Duvernoy ₅ , Marie-Noelle Langan ₆ , Kristin West ₇ , Poonam Velagapudi ₈ , Sena Killic ₉ , Edward L O'Leary ₈

Affiliation

Division of Cardiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Market Intelligence, American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA.
VA Palo Alto Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California, USA.
VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System/University of Michigan, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Division of Cardiology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Member Strategy, American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA.
Division of Cardiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Division of Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Background

Despite the increase in the number of female physicians across most specialties within cardiology, <10% of clinical cardiac electrophysiology (EP) fellows are women.

Objectives

This study sought to determine the factors that influence fellows-in-training (FITs) to pursue EP as a career choice and whether this differs by gender.

Methods

The authors conducted an online multiple-choice survey through the American College of Cardiology to assess the decision factors that influence FITs in the United States and Canada to pursue cardiovascular subspecialties.

Results

A total of 933 (30.5%) FITs completed the survey; 129 anticipated specializing in EP, 259 in interventional cardiology (IC), and 545 in a different field or were unsure. A total of 1 in 7 (14%) FITs indicated an interest in EP. Of this group, more men chose EP than women (84% vs 16%; P < 0.001). The most important factor that influenced FITs to pursue EP was a strong interest in the field. Women were more likely to be influenced by having a female role model (P = 0.001) compared with men. After excluding FITs interested in IC, women who deselected EP were more likely than men to be influenced by greater interest in another field (P = 0.004), radiation concerns (P = 0.001), lack of female role models (P = 0.001), a perceived “old boys’ club” culture (P = 0.001) and discrimination/harassment concerns (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Women are more likely than men to be negatively influenced by many factors when it comes to pursuing EP as a career choice. Addressing those factors will help decrease the gender disparity in the field.

中文翻译：

北美追求心脏电生理学培训的性别差异

背景

尽管心脏病学中大多数专业的女医生人数有所增加，但<10% 的临床心脏电生理学 (EP) 研究员是女性。

目标

本研究试图确定影响实习生 (FIT) 将 EP 作为职业选择的因素，以及这是否因性别而异。

方法

作者通过美国心脏病学会进行了一项在线多项选择调查，以评估影响美国和加拿大 FIT 攻读心血管亚专业的决策因素。

结果

共有 933 (30.5%) 名 FIT 完成了调查；129 人预计专攻 EP，259 人专攻介入心脏病学 (IC)，545 人专攻不同领域或不确定。共有七分之一 (14%) 的 FIT 表示对 EP 感兴趣。在该组中，选择 EP 的男性多于女性（84% 对 16%；P < 0.001）。影响 FIT 追求 EP 的最重要因素是对该领域的浓厚兴趣。与男性相比，女性更容易受到女性榜样的影响（P = 0.001）。在排除对 IC 感兴趣的 FIT 后，取消选择 EP 的女性比男性更有可能受到对另一个领域的更大兴趣（P = 0.004）、辐射问题（P = 0.001）、缺乏女性榜样（P =0.001）、感知到的“老男孩俱乐部”文化（P = 0.001）和歧视/骚扰问题（P = 0.001）。