Russian science icon, Pyotr Lebedev, is well known for first proving the existence of light pressure by measuring its action on both solids and gases. His experiments are discussed here as well as comparison with later, independent light-pressure measurements in solids by Nichols and Hull and European scientists. These light pressure experiments were the first steps of Lebedev's programme in unravelling the effects of light on atoms and molecules, as well as the intermolecular forces due to radiation. His students completed this programme and realised his dream of launching a research institute. The Lebedev Physical Institute founded by Vavilov, throughout its history described here, set great scientific milestones. Seven Nobel laureates used to work in this institute: Cherenkov, Frank, Tamm (1958), Basov and Prokhorov (1964), Sakharov (1975), Ginzburg (2003). Mandelstam is named ‘the forefather’ of theoretical physics in Moscow. Letokhov is one more prominent figure who extended Lebedev's light-pressure experiments and demonstrated experimentally for the first time the laser cooling of atoms.

俄罗斯科学偶像彼得·列别杰夫 (Pyotr Lebedev) 因首先通过测量光对固体和气体的作用来证明光压的存在而闻名。此处讨论了他的实验，并与后来由 Nichols 和 Hull 以及欧洲科学家对固体进行的独立光压测量进行了比较。这些光压实验是列别杰夫计划的第一步，该计划旨在阐明光对原子和分子的影响，以及由辐射引起的分子间作用力。他的学生完成了这个项目，实现了他开办研究所的梦想。瓦维洛夫创立的列别杰夫物理研究所在此处描述的整个历史中树立了伟大的科学里程碑。七位诺贝尔奖获得者曾在该研究所工作：切伦科夫、弗兰克、塔姆 (1958)、巴索夫和普罗霍罗夫 (1964)、萨哈罗夫 (1975)、金茨堡 (2003)。曼德尔施塔姆在莫斯科被称为理论物理学的“先驱”。列托霍夫是一位更为杰出的人物，他扩展了列别杰夫的光压实验，并首次通过实验证明了原子的激光冷却。