The COVID-19 pandemic in the first months of 2020 posed an unprecedented threat to the health of the world's population. In this longitudinal design study, we elaborated the typology of 27 European countries based on the complete beginnings of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic based on health indicators and contextual variables. Two-step analysis using factor scores to run a cluster analysis identifying 5 consistent groups of countries. We then analyze the relationship between the GHS predictive index, the restrictions and health care expenditures within countries categorized into 5 clusters. An analysis of the early stages of a pandemic confirmed that in countries where anti-pandemic measures were rapidly and consistently in place, the spread of the virus was suppressed more rapidly and the first wave of pandemics in these countries was incomparably more benign than in countries with later responses and milder restrictive measures.

2020 年头几个月的 COVID-19 大流行对世界人口的健康构成了前所未有的威胁。在这项纵向设计研究中，我们根据健康指标和背景变量，根据正在进行的 COVID-19 大流行的完整开端，详细阐述了 27 个欧洲国家的类型学。两步分析使用因子得分运行聚类分析，确定 5 个一致的国家组。然后，我们分析了 GHS 预测指数、限制和分为 5 个集群的国家内的医疗保健支出之间的关系。对大流行早期阶段的分析证实，在迅速和持续采取抗大流行措施的国家，