Drug delivery is a method to control the delivery of pharmaceutical compound to achieve therapeutic effect in humans or animals. Several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used in chemotherapy are cytotoxic to both cancer and normal cells. The combination of anticancer immunotherapy and conventional therapy is attractive as the new strategy to treat cancer whilst reducing cytotoxic side effects on the normal, healthy cells. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been developed as active drug delivery agents with anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. The AgNPs exhibit enhanced physicochemical, optical, electrical, thermal and catalytic properties as compared to the bulk material. There are advantages as drug carriers including adjustable size and shape, high-density surface ligand attachment, enhanced stability for surface-bound nucleic acids, protection of the attached therapeutics from degradation, transmembrane delivery without harsh transfection agents, and high potential for improved timed/controlled intracellular drug delivery. However, AgNPs are toxic to normal cells and synergistic applications with natural products have been explored. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide that has been widely explored for the development of anticancer therapies due to its ability to target CD44 receptors on cancer cells. HA can be used as a carrier and form conjugates with other drugs or for the delivery of multiple drugs to various pathological sites, for timing and targeted release. A novel HA-based strategy for the green synthesis of AgNP utilizes HA as reducing agent and stabilizer. Other most studied carrier systems to enhance drug delivery are lipid-based nanoparticles and liposomes. In pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, liposome has been used to transport various molecules, and liposomal encapsulation of anti-cancer drugs is a stable platform for targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs for cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of major development for novel delivery of drugs, highlighting the application of newly developed nano-carriers in combination therapies, immunomodulation, and theranostics, for encapsulating and targeting active molecules.

药物递送是控制药物化合物的递送以在人或动物中达到治疗效果的方法。化疗中使用的几种活性药物成分 (API) 对癌细胞和正常细胞都具有细胞毒性。抗癌免疫疗法和常规疗法的结合作为治疗癌症同时减少对正常健康细胞的细胞毒性副作用的新策略很有吸引力。银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 已被开发为具有抗癌、抗菌、抗病毒、抗真菌和抗氧化活性的活性药物递送剂。与块状材料相比，AgNPs 表现出增强的物理化学、光学、电学、热学和催化性能。作为药物载体的优点包括尺寸和形状可调、高密度表面配体附着、增强表面结合核酸的稳定性，保护附着的治疗剂免于降解，跨膜递送无需苛刻的转染剂，以及改进定时/受控细胞内药物递送的潜力。然而，AgNPs 对正常细胞有毒，并且已经探索了与天然产物的协同应用。透明质酸 (HA) 是一种多糖，由于其能够靶向癌细胞上的 CD44 受体，因此已被广泛用于开发抗癌疗法。HA 可用作载体并与其他药物形成偶联物，或用于将多种药物递送至各种病理部位，用于定时和靶向释放。一种新的基于 HA 的 AgNP 绿色合成策略利用 HA 作为还原剂和稳定剂。其他研究最多的增强药物递送的载体系统是基于脂质的纳米颗粒和脂质体。在制药和化妆品行业，脂质体已被用于运输各种分子，抗癌药物的脂质体包封是靶向递送抗癌药物用于癌症治疗的稳定平台。本综述概述了新型药物递送的主要发展，重点介绍了新开发的纳米载体在组合疗法、免疫调节和治疗诊断学中的应用，用于封装和靶向活性分子。抗癌药物的脂质体包封是靶向递送抗癌药物用于癌症治疗的稳定平台。本综述概述了新型药物递送的主要发展，重点介绍了新开发的纳米载体在组合疗法、免疫调节和治疗诊断学中的应用，用于封装和靶向活性分子。抗癌药物的脂质体包封是靶向递送抗癌药物用于癌症治疗的稳定平台。本综述概述了新型药物递送的主要发展，重点介绍了新开发的纳米载体在组合疗法、免疫调节和治疗诊断学中的应用，用于封装和靶向活性分子。