The aftermath of the Marinoan glaciation is an important period in the evolutionary history of Earth. Here we report on the dynamically biogeochemical cycling and organic mineralization processes of Mn in the Doushantuo Formation, Yangtze Block, South China, which was sourced hydrothermally during this time. This process occurred in an extensional tectonic setting as the water depth became shallower. Mn(+2) ascended with deep reducing hydrothermal fluids and accumulated in the form of Mn(+4) near the redox interface of locally oxidized water, which may be associated with metabolism by autotrophic microorganisms. Mn(+4) was reduced to Mn(+2), with organic matter acting as an electron donor during its degradation, which may be mediated by heterotrophic microorganisms. Mn(+2) in the water combined with CO₃²⁻ generated by the oxidation and degradation of organic matter to form rhodochrosite. Algae and bacteria provided nucleation sites for the crystallization of rhodochrosite. Finally, spherical and ellipsoidal rhodochrosite with a biological structure and negative carbon isotope values (average δ¹³C_PDB = −7.04‰) under the influence of Mn bacteria was formed. The input of hydrothermal material, mineralization involving the participation of organic matter, and mixed enrichment during syngenesis and syngenetic–early diagenetic stage were unique factors in the formation of Mn deposits in the Doushantuo Formation along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block. This represents the first report of Mn mineralization in carbonate form in the Ediacaran globally (Doushantuo Formation), and provides new insights into the biogeochemical cycling of Mn in the Ediacaran.

马里诺冰川的余波是地球进化史上的一个重要时期。在这里，我们报告了华南扬子地块豆山沱组锰的动态生物地球化学循环和有机成矿过程，该组锰在此期间是热液来源。随着水深变浅，这一过程发生在伸展构造环境中。Mn(+2) 随深层还原性热液上升，在局部氧化水的氧化还原界面附近以Mn(+4) 的形式积累，这可能与自养微生物的代谢有关。Mn(+4) 被还原为Mn(+2)，有机物在其降解过程中充当电子供体，这可能是由异养微生物介导的。水中的Mn(+2)与CO ₃ ²⁻结合由有机物氧化降解形成菱锰矿而生成。藻类和细菌为菱锰矿的结晶提供了成核位点。最后，球形和椭圆形菱锰矿具有生物结构和负碳同位素值（平均 δ ¹³ C _PDB = -7.04‰)在Mn细菌的影响下形成。热液物质的输入、有机质参与的成矿作用以及同生和同生-早成岩阶段的混合富集是扬子地块北缘陡山沱组锰矿形成的独特因素。这是全球首次报道埃迪卡拉纪（豆山沱组）碳酸盐形式的锰矿化，为埃迪卡拉纪锰的生物地球化学循环提供了新的见解。