Amotivation is related to value representation. A comprehensive account of amotivation requires a mechanistic understanding of how the brain exploits external information to represent value. To achieve maximal value discriminability, brain valuation system will dynamically adapt its coding sensitivity to the range of values available in any given condition, so-called range adaptive coding. We administered an experimental task to 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia (C-SCZ), 30 first-episode schizophrenia (FE-SCZ), 34 individuals with high social anhedonia (HSoA), and their paired controls to assess range adaptation ability. C-SCZ patients exhibited over-adaptation and their performances were negatively correlated with avolition symptoms and positive symptoms and positively correlated with blunted-affect symptoms and self-reported consummatory interpersonal pleasure scores, though the results were non-significant. FE-SCZ patients exhibited reduced adaptation, which was significantly and negatively correlated with avolition symptoms and positively correlated with the overall proportion of choosing to exert more effort. Although HSoA participants exhibited comparable range adaptation to controls, their performances were significantly and negatively correlated with the proportion of choosing to exert more effort under the lowest value condition. Our results suggest that different stages of schizophrenia spectrum showed distinct range adaptation patterns. Range adaptation impairments may index a possible underlying mechanism for amotivation symptoms in FE-SCZ and more complicated and pervasive effects on clinical symptoms in C-SCZ.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症不同阶段的范围自适应价值表示：概念研究证明

动机与价值表征有关。对动机的全面解释需要对大脑如何利用外部信息来表示价值有一个机械的理解。为了实现最大的值辨别力，大脑评估系统将动态地调整其编码灵敏度以适应任何给定条件下可用的值范围，即所谓的范围自适应编码。我们对 30 名慢性精神分裂症患者 (C-SCZ)、30 名首发精神分裂症患者 (FE-SCZ)、34 名高度社交快感缺失症患者 (HSoA) 及其配对对照进行了一项实验任务，以评估范围适应能力。C-SCZ患者表现出过度适应，其表现与厌恶症状和阳性症状呈负相关，与钝化情感症状和自我报告的完美人际快乐评分呈正相关，但结果并不显着。FE-SCZ 患者表现出适应能力下降，与意愿症状显着负相关，与选择付出更多努力的总体比例正相关。尽管 HSoA 参与者表现出与对照相当的范围适应，但他们的表现与选择在最低值条件下付出更多努力的比例显着负相关。我们的结果表明，精神分裂症谱系的不同阶段表现出不同的范围适应模式。范围适应障碍可能表明 FE-SCZ 中的动机缺失症状的潜在机制以及对 C-SCZ 中临床症状的更复杂和普遍的影响。