Although most current guidelines recommend a daily sodium intake of less than 2.3 g/day, most people do not have a reliable estimate of their usual sodium intake. In this review, we describe the different methods used to estimate sodium intake and discuss each method in the context of specific clinical or research questions. We suggest the following classification for sodium measurement methods: preingestion measurement (controlled intake), peri-ingestion measurement (concurrent), and postingestion measurement. On the basis of the characteristics of the available tools, we suggest that: validated 24-h recall methods are a reasonable approach to estimate sodium intake in large epidemiologic studies and individual clinical counselling sessions, methods (such as single 24-h urine collection, single-time urine collection, or 24-h recall methods), are of value in population-level estimation of mean sodium intake, but are less suited for individual level estimation and a feeding-trial design using a controlled diet is the most valid and reliable method for establishing the effect of reducing sodium to a specific intake target in early phase clinical trials. By considering the various approaches to sodium measurement, investigators and public health practitioners may be better informed in assessing the health implications of sodium consumption at the individual and population level.

中文翻译：

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测量钠摄入量：研究和临床应用。

虽然大多数现行指南建议每日钠摄入量低于 2.3 克/天，但大多数人对其平时的钠摄入量没有可靠的估计。在这篇综述中，我们描述了用于估计钠摄入量的不同方法，并在特定临床或研究问题的背景下讨论了每种方法。我们建议对钠测量方法进行以下分类：摄入前测量（控制摄入）、摄入前后测量（并发）和摄入后测量。根据可用工具的特点，我们建议：经过验证的 24 小时回忆方法是在大型流行病学研究和个体临床咨询会议中估计钠摄入量的合理方法，方法（如单次 24 小时尿液收集，单次尿液收集，或 24 小时召回法），在平均钠摄入量的人口水平估计中有价值，但不太适合个体水平估计，使用受控饮食的喂养试验设计是确定将钠减少到特定摄入目标的效果的最有效和可靠的方法在早期临床试验中。通过考虑钠测量的各种方法，研究人员和公共卫生从业者可以更好地了解钠摄入对个人和人群健康影响的评估。