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Appressorial interactions with host and their evolution
Fungal Diversity ( IF 20.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 , DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00487-5
K. W. Thilini Chethana 1, 2, 3 , Kevin D. Hyde 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Ruvishika S. Jayawardena 2, 3 , Yi-Jyun Chen 2, 3 , Sirinapa Konta 2, 3 , Pranami D. Abeywickrama 2, 3, 6 , Milan C. Samarakoon 2, 7 , Chanokned Senwanna 2, 8 , Ausana Mapook 2 , Xia Tang 2, 3, 9 , Deecksha Gomdola 2, 3 , Diana S. Marasinghe 2, 3 , Oundhyalah D. Padaruth 2, 3 , Saisamorn Lumyong 5, 7, 10 , Abhaya Balasuriya 11 , Jianping Xu 12 , Chayanard Phukhamsakda 13 , Saowaluck Tibpromma 14
Affiliation  

Fungi have evolved diverse strategies to acquire nutrients as endophytes, saprobes, symbionts, or pathogens. Appressoria have been intensively studied due to their importance in attaching and breaching the host surface. These specialized infection structures have evolved into various morpho-types: proto-appressoria, hyaline appressoria, melanized (dark) appressoria, and compound appressoria. In this review, we discuss the differences in the formation, differentiation, and function of appressoria among fungi with diverse life strategies. Using DNA sequence information, LSU, 5.8S, SSU and rpb2 gene fragments, we reconstructed the ancestral states for appressorial types in the main phyla of fungi and fungus-like organisms and found that the hyaline appressoria was the most ancestral form. Our analysis estimated proto-appressoria diversification during the Mesozoic period (92–239 million years ago), however, its origin remains inconclusive. Our data suggest that these hyaline appressoria diversified into melanized or compound appressoria, with evidence of adaptive radiation.



中文翻译:

与宿主的抑制相互作用及其进化

真菌已经进化出多种策略来获取营养物质,如内生菌、腐生物、共生体或病原体。由于它们在附着和破坏宿主表面方面的重要性,已经对其进行了深入研究。这些特殊的感染结构已经演变成各种形态类型:原附着物、透明附着物、黑色化(暗)附着物和复合附着物。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了具有不同生活策略的真菌在附着体的形成、分化和功能方面的差异。使用 DNA 序列信息、LSU、5.8S、SSU 和rpb2基因片段,我们重建了真菌和真菌类生物主要门类中附着类型的祖先状态,并发现透明附着物是最原始的形式。我们的分析估计了中生代时期(92-2.39 亿年前)的原附着菌多样化,然而,其起源仍无定论。我们的数据表明,这些透明附着物分化为黑色化或复合附着物,并有适应性辐射的证据。

更新日期:2021-08-23
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